Chemical Reactions And Synthesis Of Organic Compounds

Organic chemistry is the complexity of natural compounds. It is applied to the production of mundane objects that include: plastics, polymers, soaps, detergents and drugs. Such compounds of organic chemistry involve the identification, modelling, chemical reactions and synthesis – it initiates the concept of design implemented in organic compounds (Helmenstine A, 2014). An example of an organic compound is the product of organic drugs in which are manipulated behind the chemistry of its design. A particular category of drugs: NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is one the most common types of medication utilised to treat a range of conditions associated with the human body. Aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen are among the category of NSAIDs (Deruiter, 2002, p.1). The product formed by the basis of organic chemistry provides the insight that organic compounds can be morphed and designed in a way to produce a particular product. Thus, organic chemistry is the applicat ion of organic molecules to form products; it is the chemistry of design. Organic compounds derive from elements within the second row of the periodic table, more specifically carbon due to its periodic position. Carbon has the ability to donate and take four valency electrons, thus it has the tendency to form various bonds in comparison to other elements (UT Dallas, 2014). Organic compounds are produced by covalent and ionic bonding – an important aspect of organic chemistry. In the aid of carbon,Show MoreRelatedModule 4 DBA notes966 Words   |  4 Pagessubstance, while a chemical change alters a substance at the molecular level. Physical Properties: A property that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance. Physical properties can be categorized as either intensive or extensive. Reactivity: An element or compound’s reactivity is its ability or capacity to react, or bond, with another substance. As you continue through this course, you will observe and compare this particular chemical property in a varietyRead MoreSudan 11687 Words   |  7 PagesSYNTHESIS OF 1-PHENYLAZO-2-NAPHTHOL ABSTRACT Amines are compounds composed of nitrogen atoms bearing alkyl or aromatic compounds. Amines undergo interesting reactions, one of which is with the reaction with nitrous acid producing an azo dye. In this study, the experiment focused on synthesizing an observing the physical properties of Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is of the most common dyes found in waxes, oils and in some food ingredients specifically curry and chilli powder. Furthermore, this study aimed toRead MoreWhat Are Carboxylic Acids? Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages What are â€Å"Carboxylic Acids â€Å"? Carboxylic Acids are organic compounds which contain carboxyl group as a function group (C (=O) OH). The carboxyl group is a combination of hydroxyl group (−OH) and carbonyl group (C=O). The general formula for any carboxylic acid with any molecule is: *the letter (R) refers to any other group like alkyl group. Examples of Carboxylic Acids:- Structure of Carboxylic Acids:- †¢ The CO2H unit is planar and consistent with sp2 hybridization with nearly trigonal bondRead MoreDrug Classification System ( Atc )904 Words   |  4 Pagesalso called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders. Pharmaceutical drugs are often classified into groups of related drugs that have similar chemical structures, the same mechanism of action,Read MoreChemical Reactions. . A Chemical Reaction Is A â€Å"Chemical1009 Words   |  5 Pages Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a â€Å"chemical change that occur when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken.† The substance that goes into a chemical reaction is the reactant, and the substances produced produced at the end of the reaction are known as products. Chemical reactions are all around us constantly occurring, anything from a candle burning to the rusting on a fence are examples of a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions can be noticed by Chemical ChangeRead MoreChemical Reaction : Chemical Reactions948 Words   |  4 Pages Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a â€Å"chemical change that occur when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken.† The substance that goes into a chemical reaction is the reactant, and the substances produced produced at the end of the reaction are known as products. Chemical reactions are all around us constantly occurring, anything from a candle burning to the rusting on a fence are examples of a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions can be noticed by Chemical ChangeRead MoreSynthesis Gas : The Interim Exquisite1139 Words   |  5 Pages1.1 Synthesis gas – the interim exquisite Synthesis gas is a versatile intermediate feedstock for fuel and value added chemical synthesis. It is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios. The composition of synthesis gas can be widely varied, depending on the synthesis processes and the composition of the raw materials, i.e. their hydrogen-to-carbon ratios and their reactivity’s. Synthesis gas can be produced not only from natural gas, petroleum, petroleum derivatives, or coalsRead MoreWhats Organic Chemistry Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOrganic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. It is the basis of all earthy life and are all very different, by their chemical and physical properties and their structures. With a multitude of carbon compounds existing in this world, there was a need for a way to organize all of them by their characteristics. A few of the many functional groups include alcohol, aldehydes, amines, esters, ethers, and ketones. The substance that seems most interesting is be nzoin, which is characterized inRead MoreScience And Technology Of Designing1421 Words   |  6 Pagesproperties of materials without changing the materials’ chemical status (Murphy et al., 2011). There are two general ways available to produce nano materials, as shown in the following figure 18. The first way is to start with a bulk material and then break it into smaller pieces using mechanical, chemical or other form of energy (top-down). An opposite approach is to synthesis the material from atomic or molecular species via chemical reactions, allowing for the precursor particles to grow in sizeRead MoreSynthesis of 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesThis experiment is about the synthesis of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde through nitration. The nitration of benzaldehyde is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which a proton of an aromatic ring is replaced by a nitro group. Many aromatic substitution reactions are known to occur when an aromatic substrate is allowed to react with a suitable electrophilic reagent, and many other groups besides nitro may be introduced into the ring. Although the reaction produced a low yield at the

Taking a Looka t the Roaring 20s - 1788 Words

The twenties were a period of festival. Having basically started of a war the state was practically torn over, a whole era was happy to be gone. The 1920s were ruled by the young of the nation, designs and prevailing fashions inclined energetic about the junior gleam of America. All around this point preclusion was initiated, and disallowance was ineffectual. Everything concerning the 1920s symbolized Associate in Nursing exceptional feeling of resistance and breaking a long way from pop cultures limits. The 1920s were simply cohort in nursing blast of self statement, the auto being one around the biggest. The adolescent Capones house was faraway from salubrious. He existed in an exceedingly tarnished dwelling house, next to no truly a slum, near the maritime shipyard. It had been a troublesome spot offered over to the indecencies needed by mariner characters that frequented the incorporating bars. The family was an every day, law enduring, but shouting Italian-American connection bunch and there has been few signs that the junior hoodlum might wander into a universe of wrongdoing and get open adversary dear. Unquestionably the familys prerogative to an extra ethnically blended space of the town uncovered the youthful Capone to more extensive social impacts, little address combat hardware him with the implies that to run a notorious criminal realm. However it had been Capones educating, every lacking and fierce at a Catholic foundation assail with savagery that

Project Management and Analysis of a Gantt Chart

Question: Review the Gantt Chart and identify any problems you can see with the project plan. How can the Gantt chart be improved? Answer: Activity Schedule Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessor Develop project plan 6.25 days 1/3/07 1/11/07 Develop orientation materials 7 days 1/10/07 1/18/07 Schedule orientation meeting 1 day 1/22/07 1/22/07 Copy orientation materials 1day 1/19/07 1/19/07 2 Reserve conference room 1day 1/22/07 1/22/07 4 Conduct meeting 1day 1/25/07 1/25/07 Write first draft of IM plan 30 days 1/26/07 3/8/07 6 Review drafts 20 days 3/1/07 3/28/07 Provide feedback to Directors 1 day 3/02/07 3/2/07 Revise plan 14 days 3/2/07 3/21/07 Review revisions 10 days 3/30/07 4/12/07 Compile documents into one 5 days 4/16/07 4/20/07 Submit to administration for approval 1 day 4/17/07 4/17/07 Approve Plan 3 days 4/18/07 4/20/07 13 Implement any changes from administration 30 days 4/23/07 6/1/07 14 Identification of problems with the plan Gantt chart is one of the most effective project monitoring tool which has been used for the making the project scheduling which involves the total duration of each activities taken by the project manager to complete the project on time. This is helpful in the identification of the starting and the ending data of each and every activity which has been involved in the project. The main problem with this project scheduling is that the first task is of the duration of 6.25 days which is not proper for the task to be completed and its ending date is 1/11/7 which is of 7 days so it indicates that the duration of first task is not right so the whole project takes one day more in the completion of the project. The other problem is that the predecessor activities are not linked properly with the activities which are related in this project so if the predecessor activities are not linked with the project then the prior activities are not done at the first as a result the project milestones wo uld not be completed. It has also been seen from the project scheduling plan that all the activities are not linked together as a result which activity is the prior activity is not identified and there is a risk of wastage of resources in implementing the unimportant activities and the project takes a longer period of time to complete it successfully. It has also seen that for the activity 4 and 5 the duration is one day but both the activities starts at the same date and finishes at the same date which is peculiar. Improvement in the chart plan The improvement needed ion the chart plan is that that there is no milestone set in the project and there is no link between the main activities with the predecessor activities so for the completion of the project it is very important that the prior activities are needed to be completed first for the project. The activities which have been used in this project plan have to be linked properly with the predecessor activities chosen in this project. References Calder, P., Thomas, B. and Jarvis, D. (1994).A flexible Gantt chart editor system.The Levels, S. Aust.: School of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. Jobin, M., LefrancÃÅ' §ois, P. and Montreuil, B. (1992).Communicating scheduling information between agents using a public 3-D Gantt Chart. Sherbrooke: FaculteÃÅ'  d'administration, UniversiteÃÅ'  de Sherbrooke.

The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great Essay Example

The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great Essay The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great is about a man called Alexander, king of Macedonia. The story tells us how Alexander conquers Asia, Egypt, part of India and how he becomes the legend â€Å"Alexander the Great†. The chosen leaders for this movie are Alexander and his father Phillip. Alexander is a man with enormous dreams since his childhood and he has been called â€Å"The son of the god†. He knows and believes from the very beginning that he will create a history and become an important person for his people. Alexander is an effective and good leader in one way, but on the other hand sometimes he seems to be an ineffective leader who only searches for power and self fulfilment. ALEXANDER -Alexander’s Ability and Traits Alexander has traits to be an effective leader in wars. He born as a leader and knows how to get the soldiers to follow him and trust him. He takes an interpersonal role where he acts as a leader of his men and the population of the land that he conquers. Alexander is a good planner and organiser, he know his goal and have a strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Summary of the Film Alexander the Great specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He has also great ambition to do the best for himself and his people. Alexander wants to be seen as a hero, he love to manage and conquer. He is a good negotiator, as you can see in the movie for example when he and his father conquer Greece. The traits and behaviour that Alexander has is associated with derailment is that sometimes he shows very high self-esteem and He thinks that he can manage everything because of his very individualistic nature. Also he trust anyone and anything but himself. However, he needs to learn that sometimes he also needs to listen to his people and his followers to make decisions. Furthermore, another negative trait of Alexander is that he is very much impatient since he is so much fascinated by his ambitions that he couldn’t analyze the facts. -Alexander’s Leadership Behaviours Alexander uses different leader behaviours depending on the followers. For the soldiers, he tries to motivate and recognize them and to create a culture with values and norms. He also clarifies goals and objectives for the soldiers, so everyone knows what they need to do. Alexander is also a good team builder, to be a good soldier you need to work together as a team and he displays this must behaviour. Alexander’s In-groups and Out-groups Alexander has some in and out group member in one point of view. The in-group members are: His mother, his nearest friends such as such as Ptolemy, Hephaistion, and Cassander and his tutor, Aristotle. The out group members are the other soldiers from the places he conquered. However you can also take the point of view that Alexand er tried to create a positive relationship with all of the followers and create system and network through the world, as a head leader. Soldiers need to work as a network and that’s why he needs to have positive relationships among all of the followers so they trust him. Alexander’s Leadership Styles Alexander is task oriented and uses an autocratic leadership style. On the other hand, when he has time, he used consultation with his nearest friends, mother and his tutor, Aristotle. If we look from the perspective from Ohio State University he would be a directive/autocratic leader. Alexander also use delegation the daily business to the kings of the conquer land. In our point of view he thinks that he uses the appropriate decision style but he could use more consultants and listen to the followers rather then being very task-oriented leader. -Alexander’s Sources of Power Alexander has different sources of power. He has legitimate power because of his position king of Macedonia, reward and coercive power that he can reward or punish the soldiers depending on their behaviours and ecological power because he can decide how the organization for the soldiers and the organization should look like. He has also referent power that he has charisma and the soldiers have high loyalty. -Alexander’s Influence Tactics Alexander use different influence tactics to influence his people, legitimate power, rational persuasion, exchange tactic, personal appeals, inspirational appeal, and pressure tactic. Alexander is also a charismatic leader; he has the charisma both from his personality, vision and the situation. And his vision is to conquer the whole world and being the strongest. PHILIP Even though Alexander is the leading character in the movie, King Philip plays a very important role as well. Philip is a good leader in his younger ages in terms of expanding the borders of the country and giving importance to science, art, philosophy†¦etc. Additionally, he seems to be liked and respected by his public. However, in the film we come across with his old ages, accordingly a decline of his success. Therefore, he is facing problems related not only with divided Greece but also his health problems. -Philip’s Ability and Traits Dominance, self confidence, intelligence and internal locus of control are four personality traits for Phillip. In terms of dominance criterion, we clearly see that Philip likes to take charge of things and leading people, and he actually succeeds on this aim. He rules a broad country and commands the army. He is also highly self confident. Even if he is really sick, he believes he can go to the wars alone without taking Alexander with him. His self confidence may come from his intelligence, since he knows that he has enough capability of achieving his goals and he believes he is superior to his rivals such as the kings of other nations or commanders of other armies. Most importantly he has clear internal locus of control. He wants all control in his hands. He even believes he should rule the whole world. Accompanied with his effective behaviors, Philip has also some traits which results in derailment. Here are some of them: We can say that Philip is somewhat neurotic. This low emotional stability may occur because of his age or the complex situations he is facing with. He is also defensive, meaning he resists change. Another negative aspect of his behaviors is that he is not good at delegation. The monarchic nature of his power may prevent him to share responsibility with others. He is also very self- centered and he does not want to share the success with others. -Philip’s Leadership Behaviours Basically, the behaviors that Philip employs: Planning/Organizing, Motivating, Consulting, Rewarding. As a king, planning and organizing tasks are inevitable for him; and we see it from the movie in the scenes that he tries to develop strategies for his troubled country. He believes that his country should rule the world and he motivates his followers in that way. He also applies rewarding. He organizes meetings and declares the successes of soldiers who return from wars. He has some advisors around him and the famous philosopher Aristotle. He consults them and gains insights about situations around him. -Philip’s In-groups and Out-groups We identified two characters as examples of in-group members. They are Philip’s close friends/advisors and his girl friend. They clearly more influence on Philip. On the other hand, his wife Olympia seems to be an out-group member. Philip wants to send her away since he is in love with Eurydice. He is also suspicious about her loyalty. He claims she creates gossips about him saying he has gone mad. And the queen is not happy about these conditions and she feels disappointment that Philip leaves her. -Philip’s Leadership Style Phillip uses basically two different decision making style in the movie. The most used one is autocratic decision making. As being the leader of the public and the palace Phillip makes decision alone without asking Alexander, the Queen, the soldiers and his friends. On his own Phillip investigates the conquests, wars, and the future of Macedonia and decides what should be done. After that he tells people what he decided and what would they do. -Philip’s Sources of Power Firstly, he has position power. He has legitimate power because he is the king and the leader of the public and the palace. Since Phillip can reward people for appropriate behavior and punish them for noncompliance he has both reward and coercive power. He has great information power because he has control over access and distribution of the information. He control over the physical environment and organization of the work so he has ecological power. Secondly, he has personal power: Due to his specialized knowledge and skills he has great expert power. -Philip’s Influence Tactics Phillip use legitimating tactics, inspirational appeal by arousing emotions, consultation -He only consults with his consultant in the palace. He never asks something to the public-, and pressure tactics including coercion, intimidation, and push behavior to influence the soldiers, the public, and the palace. Phillip is also a charismatic leader; his charisma emerges depend on different sources such as his personality, leadership skills, followership, and the situation. Because of his charisma he has great impact on people especially on the soldiers. Followers’ Characteristics As we watched the movie again and again, we discovered unimaginable leadership characteristics of Alexander the great at each time; however, finally we understood that only good followers can make a great leader. The question in this point is â€Å"who is a good follower? A good follower is one who understands, supports, and works for the leader’s vision and challenges the leader’s decisions that are misguided or unethical. By taking this definition as the base we determine several followers that made Alexander one of the greatest leaders ever seen. These are Macedonian great generals such as Hephaestion, Permenion, Coenus, Antigonus, Polyperchon, Crateros, Perdiccas, Attalus, Philotas, Cleitus , Pausanius, and Leonnatus. Among these Permenion and Hephaestion were the most valuable and the closest, respectively, to Alexander the great. Hephaestion grows up with Alexander and share his entire secret. Besides being a soldier, engineer and diplomat, he corresponds with the philosophers and actively supports Alexander in his attempts to integrate Greeks and Persians. Permenion, one of the most experienced warriors, is the main general in command of the army. Alexander does not make any decision without him. During the battles he can create innovative strategies and always is seem to be unbeatable. In the Gaugamela battle, while Alexander commands the right part of the army, Permenion fights in the left of the army and solely commands the entire left part. Alexander is great with these followers, without them he is just a person who has high passion to win, to create a unique empire in Europe and Asia. When Macedonians are in India, Alexander speaks to his army and tried to persuade them to march further into India but Coenus makes him to change his opinion and return. The main reason of this return is the unwillingness of the generals. However, we never forget that without a leader followers cannot succeed. Just after the Alexander death the whole empire is divided into four parts by the followers.