Develop a stock market Essay

(a) Dependable law and regulations The existence of dependable laws and regulations, not only from the government but also from the enterprises themselves is a necessary conditions since these all the organizations to compete and cooperate with the oversea and worldwide companies. (b) Resolution of policy risk Investor confidence in reliable property right and stable, market-oriented policies are a necessary condition for financial integration and the development of emerging stock markets. Announced market-oriented policies may be reversed, however, and are initially not fully credible. We argue that sustained privatization and liberalization programmes represent a major test of political commitment to safer private property rights, successful privatization has a significant effect on emerging stock market development through the resolution of policy risk, i.e. the risk of ex post policy changes with redistributive impact on investment returns. The evidence showed the progress in privatization gradually leads to increased confidence. (c) Promoting healthy financial institutions Healthy financial institutions especially banks, is a crucial prerequisite for financial stability. The largest number of crises still arise, be it in emerging market economies or industrial countries, from financial institutions overextending themselves when times seem good and then retrenching violently afterwards. Governance would first benefit from a greater internal focus on risk-adjusted rates of return, particularly when rewarding traders and credit officers. The relentless pursuit of shareholder value, without this crucial adjustment, could prove a very dangerous strategy. (d) Developing worldwide acceptable accounting and audit standard It is recommended profession should be is self-regulated through accounting  standard board instead of regulate by government, improve the credible of accounting and auditing report up to international accounting system (IAS) standards.

Racial Ethnic And Religious Profiling in the U.S. Essay

In the United States, ‘The land of the Free’, racial profiling of minority groups seems all too common. Many Americans believe that law enforcement as well as many other people often discriminates on minority groups simply because of their color of their skin. Civil rights activist and many leaders of minority groups are pressuring Enforcement agencies to eliminate racial and ethnic profiling during traffic stops and supposed random pedestrian stops. However, many law enforcement representatives claim that the complaints about these activities are overstated and are simply in the heads of the accusers. As a nation with a history of racial slavery and racial segregation, particularly towards any group that is not Anglo-American or fair skinned, African-Americans have long complained of racial profiling. Although racial slavery has been over for over one hundred years, and segregation that ended over fifty years ago, there is still tension between many people over race. Hispanics and Muslims are two other ethnic groups that feel the racial profiling, often being suspected of being terrorists or being illegal immigrants. Racial profiling is not a new subject in America. Racial profiling dates back to the colonial days in America. The revolutionary era there was religious profiling of Quakers because they were seen as being unfaithful to the revolution. African Americans have been racially profiled since the days of Slavery. Mexicans and Latinos have been scrutinized and called out by law enforcement since around the time Texas gained its independence. 19th century immigration laws created ethnic and racial profiling against Asians and southern and eastern Europeans. In August of 1777 the Continental Congress ordered the arrests of multiple Quakers that were supposedly disloyal to the Revolution. The Continental Congress had no evidence, and there were no trials. Many of the prisoners were exiled to a Virginia jail. The captives were released from the imprisonment because of pleas from their families and from a few political leaders. During the Pre-Civil War era African-Americans made up about one sixth of the country’s population. The majority of those African-Americans were slaves, with the majority of them slaves in the South. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 had only a few things that protected actual free African-Americans. Slave hunters could legally capture the slaves that were able to escape. Free African-Americans had almost no immunity from being captured and treated as if they were runaway slaves. The new movie â€Å"12 Years a Slave† that recently came out in theatres shows how a free black man could be captured and sold into slavery without being able to prove their freedom, because of profiling any African-American as a slave. The end of slavery did not end the profiling of African-Americans. The Jim Crow era made segregation legal and seemingly right because of laws. The Jim Crow laws reinforced the belief that African-Americans were inferior to whites. Any African-Americans accused of committing a crime could be subject to unjust treatment by law enforcement and even unfair trials in court. One of the most heinous acts of racial profiling was the threat of racist vigilantes. According to the Tuskegee Institute, more than three thousand four hundred African-Americans were lynched from 1880 to 1950. Mexicans and Mexican-Americans were also victim to racial profiling since the days of the annexation of Texas from Mexico. In 1845 the Texas Rangers were formed and served as the nations first statewide police organization. According to the University of Texas’ del Carmen, the Texas Rangers committed many â€Å"brutal acts against Comanche tribes and thousands of Mexicans†. Many Mexican-Americans throughout the southwest United States and throughout most of Texas suffered from the same kind of racial segregation as African-Americans. In the 1930’s nearly 2 million Mexican-Americans were forced and aggressively pressured to leave the United States. In the late 19th century Federal immigration laws portrayed racial profiling by the national government. In 1875 one of the first Federal Immigration laws banned the entry of the country to many undesired Asian immigrants brought to the United States for forced labor and prostitution. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act banned all immigration of Chinese laborers. Decades later the United States government put in action literacy tests to gain citizenship that were swayed to only help Europeans and not Asians or Latinos. On February 19th 1942 one of the most well known acts of racial profiling was committed. Under an executive order of president Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president ordered the internment of over 110,000 people mostly of Japanese descent following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The federal government believed that anyone of Japanese descent could be a threat to national security. Hundreds of thousands of innocent honest American citizens were forced into internment baffles me, considering that the government would never do that to White German-American citizens even though the main enemy of World War 2 was Germany. In the late 20th century racial and ethnic profiling became an important issue in the public eye. The African-American civil rights movement embodied the desire of African-Americans to be treated equally socially and under the treatment of law. After the Civil Rights movements, African-Americans and other minorities were being treated more fairly but still falling victim to racial profiling. The FBI and DEA perfected the â€Å"formal† art of racial profiling in the 1970’s. The DEA created a â€Å"profile† for supposed drug traffickers, which targeted African-Americans and people of Hispanic descent. The list of characteristics gave agents the right to randomly stop and search people matching the profile; legal racial profiling. In 1989 the Supreme Court granted permission to use those characteristics as probable cause to stop and search someone. Throughout the 1990’s racial profiling was an epidemic with law enforcement stops in the United States. Statistics show that African-Americans were the great majority of police drug stops. In Maryland during 1995, a man with the last name Wilkins filed a lawsuit against law enforcement to uncover hard evidence that African-Americans were being unfairly profiled. After a thorough investigation of the Maryland law enforcement, a state police â€Å"Criminal Intelligence Report† showed that there was a explicit profile for targeting African-Americans. The investigation actually uncovered that African-Americans were 72 percent of the stops made in the state. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 there was a new group in the United States being racially profiled, Middle Easterners and Muslims. The federal government, as well as the many of the American public became suspicious of anyone of Middle Eastern descent or anyone who practiced the Muslim religion. Although the vast majority of Muslims are peaceful, many people as well as law enforcement began to racially profile them as â€Å"terrorist†. Even African-Americans and Latinos began to scrutinize innocent Middle Easterners. Although President George W. Bush promised to help end racial profiling because it was unconstitutional, following 9/11 the law enforcement began to profile even more than ever. The government focused on Arab Nationals and anyone who could possible have links to the terrorist group Al Qaeda. Immigration Authorities began rounding up hundreds of Middle Easterners for thorough questioning. Although they denied it, Airport screeners began giving special attention to anyone who appeared to be of Middle Eastern or Arabic descent. In 2003 the Bush administration issued a Racial Profiling guideline that stated racial profiling is okay as long as it is related to National Security. In 2008 the Barrack Obama administration and critics of racial profiling began to push for more legislation to prevent racial profiling. Being the first African-American President, it seemed as if times were changing as far as racial profiling stands in the United States. In 2009 the murder of African-American teenager Trayvon Martin griped the nation. The murder was a pure case of racial profiling by a vigilante in a predominantly white neighborhood. Martin’s murder George Zimmerman, a former neighborhood watchman was suspicious of Martin walking around his neighbor hood one evening. Zimmerman armed with his handgun, began stalking Martin and eventually confronted Martin, even though police dispatchers told Zimmerman not to. On Zimmerman’s 911 call he used racial slurs and clearly profiled Martin as a criminal because he was African-American. Eventually Zimmerman confronted Martin, the two got into a scuffle, and Zimmerman shot and killed the unarmed teen. After years of trial, the jury eventually acquitted Zimmerman of the murder charge claiming it was â€Å"self defense† even though Law enforcement told Zimmerman to not follow Martin and Zimmerman did anyways. The Trayvon martin murder is still a current issue that has the nation divided. After doing extensive research on the topic of Racial Profiling in the United States I have learned a lot about how far back and diverse racial profiling is. I believe that there will always be racial profiling as long as there are multiple races living in one country. Racial Profiling is simply human nature and cannot be undone by making laws or legislation. People subconsciously profile individuals based on their individual history and knowledge. People say â€Å"I don’t see color† but the fact of the matter is, everyone sees color. Even the victims of racial profiling are guilty of racially profiling others; whether or not they say it out loud people still think it. The only thing people can do is try there best to not act upon their assumptions of others based on race, and try their best to treat everyone equally regardless of what you may think initially. Its like the old saying, â€Å"Don’t Judge a book by its cover†.

Online Instruction In A Continuing Professional Education Setting Education Essay

IntroductionThe article I chose to supply a outline for is entitled, â€Å" The New, Modern Practice of Adult Education: On-line Instruction in a Continuing Professional Education Setting † by Brian W. Donavant of the University of Tennessee at Martin. The intent of his survey was to analyze the effectivity of on-line instruction compared to traditional bringing attacks. His survey involved quantitative research methods through the usage of pre and posttests in both the online and teacher led classs every bit good as an unfastened ended questionnaire to assist find if the potency for success of on-line direction is related to demographic variables of the pupils. This multi-phased survey was conducted in a non-academic scene utilizing police officers go oning their instruction. The about 200 participants were from the Florida Regional Community Policing Institute and varied in age, gender, ethnicity, educational background, and old ages on the occupation.Research QuestionThe ge neral inquiry of this survey was to find if there were statistically important differences in successful acquisition by the participants who learned via online acquisition in comparing to teacher lead preparation. Additionally, the survey set out step the potency of online larning success by constabulary officers and if this possible online larning success was related to assorted other factors such as race, gender, age, and educational experience. The survey besides measured the officers ‘ attitudes and perceptual experiences sing the usage of online larning for professional development. ( Donavant, 2009 ) While the writer acquiesces to the impression that the apposition of online acquisition to instructor lead acquisition in authoritative academe has been done legion times, there is small to no important research done measuring this in the sphere of professional development and go oning instruction. The deficiency of important research from this position is what motivated the research worker to prosecute this way.MethodsThe first stage of this three stage survey was an scrutiny of pre and post-test professional development tonss used to determine if larning really occurred and if there was a difference in effectivity between on-line bringings versus teacher lead direction. The pre and post-tests used anon. multiple-choice and true-false inquiries. The research worker had no control over the arrangement of the participants into control or experimental groups of people. Additionally, the research worker did non hold control over the figure of participants in each group or the continuanc e and quality of the direction. ( Donavant, 2009 ) The 2nd stage of the survey examined the potency for online acquisition success correlated to gender, race, age of the scholar, figure of old ages of constabulary service, figure of old ages of formal instruction, and old exposure to online acquisition. This rating leveraged Kerr ‘s Test of Online Learning Success ( TOOLS ) ( Marcel S. Kerr, 2012 ) which is a 45 point self-report appraisal that attempts to determine behavioural strengths and failings to mensurate possible online larning success. Participants rated each of these 45 points on a 5 point Likert-type of graduated table runing from 1 ( strongly disagree ) to 5 ( strongly agree ) . ( Donavant, 2009 ) Finally, the 3rd stage of this survey involved an open-ended questionnaire to turn to considerations of on-line bringing methods that were identified through analysis of the current literature that the writer deemed as relevant beginnings. The research worker ‘s purpose was to find other lending factors that were important to the larning experience such as willingness to take part in on-line acquisition, scholar ‘s perceptual experiences of the user of online acquisition in the sphere of professional development, and the practicality of its usage as a bringing mechanism. For the 2nd and 3rd stages of this survey, one constabulary bureau within each of the six geographic parts of the United States was indiscriminately selected and each bureau had anon. voluntaries to take part it the survey. The 2nd stage had a sum of 188 officers participate while the 3rd stage had a sum of 150 constabularies officers participate. Of the 188 officers that participated in the 2nd stage the bulk were white males ( 87.8 % and 85.6 % severally ) with a average age of 36.9 and a average figure of old ages on the force of 10.75. 75.3 % of the participants had non participated in any on-line instruction prior to this survey and the bulk listed their degree of instruction attainment as â€Å" some college † 52 % . ( Donavant, 2009 ) The stage one survey that used the historical pre and post-test consequences used a t-test to find the significance of the pre and post-test consequences comparing on-line instruction to trainer led experiences. The stage two survey besides conducted a t-test to find if there was a degree of significance between those who completed on-line instruction and those that did non complete on-line instruction. Bipartisan eventuality analysis was conducted to assist find if there was a relationship with possible success in on-line instruction and independent variables such as race, gender, and prior exposure to online instruction. The research worker so used Pearson Correlations to find important relationships between online larning success and independent variables such as age, figure of old ages of service and degree of educational attainment. ( Donavant, 2009 )ConsequencesThe stage one post-test tonss ( Teacher Lead: M=82.91, SD = 18.43 ; Online: M=73.38, SD=21.72 ) were significantly hig her than pre-test tonss for both instructor led and on-line lead instruction ( Teacher Lead: M=43.27, SD=17.96 ; Online: M=47.44, SD=16.74 ) . The ANCOVA analysis revealed no statistically important difference in the effectivity between both trainer lead and on-line bringing ( 1, 40 ) = 2.99, P = .09. ( Donavant, 2009 ) The stage two survey rendered similar consequences of deficiency of significance between online larning success and gender, race, and old engagement in on-line instruction ( I†¡2 ( 1, N =178 ) = 0.12, P = .72 ; race, I†¡2 ( 5, N = 184 ) = 7.97, P = .16 ; or old engagement in OE, I†¡2 ( 1, N = 188 ) = 3.07, P = .08. ) Where the research worker did happen some degree of significance was the correlativity between possible online larning success and the officers ‘ educational degree they achieved, R ( 185 ) = .23, P = .001. The consequences of the 3rd stage of the research indicated that a bulk of the pupils liked the convenience of the on-line instruction ( 92, 68.7 % ) but bulk besides indicated that what they liked least about the on-line educational experience ( 63, 52.9 % ) was the deficiency of interaction with the teacher as their primary ground for non wishing the on-line educational experience. ( Donavant, 2009 )DecisionThe research worker surmised that while the effectivity of on-line instruction versus teacher lead preparation are both deemed significantly effectual, the potency of on-line instruction being effectual is significantly correlated to the pupil ‘s anterior experience with on-line instruction every bit good as their degree of instruction. The research worker besides went on to sum up that by and large talking, there is no important benefit of online acquisition in comparing to teacher lead preparation when looking at it from the position of race, gender, old ages on the forc e or age. So, for an organisation sing teacher lead preparation in comparing to online instruction, they should see the person scholar and take into consideration their degree of instruction along with old experience with on-line instruction. If an organisation has a figure of pupils who do non hold a batch of post-secondary instruction, they may happen better consequences with teacher lead preparation.

PICOT question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PICOT question - Assignment Example re incorrect markings, there was poor communication between the nurses and the doctors, poor teamwork, and there was miscommunication on whether it is the patient’s right or left limb that was to be amputated. In this particular situation the type of question that suits the given nursing situation is the intervention question. This kind of medical question considers a particular intervention or issue and compares it to a standard intervention or issue with regard to the effect that it will have on the population over a given period of time (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). In this instance, since time is not a critical factor, the analysis and search will only consider the population, the intervention , the standard comparison issues and the expected or possible outcome. These three elements ,therefore, need to be determined for the right information to be obtained from the completed PICO question (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). As indicated earlier, the question in this nursing situation will have four vital elements, which are necessary to allow for the execution of an effective and informative search. The population in this case is that of patients who visit various healthcare facilities for surgical operations. This is the group that has been identified to be at risk of the concerns raised. The intervention (issue) here is the use of schedule forms when preparing patients for the surgical operations. The third element for the case is the comparison intervention. From the summary of the nursing situation, it is evident that the staff at health facility relied on markings made using a pen to be able to know the body part that was to be operated on and the identity of the patient. Therefore, the comparison issue is the use of pens to carry out this marking. The final element is the outcome. In this case, it is the reduction in the number of erroneous operations. The reduction is measurable since it only re quires noting the number of operations without

Examine how a labor agreement is administered Essay

Examine how a labor agreement is administered - Essay Example The allotted time frame under step 2 is 10 workdays. After which, if the issues still remain unresolved, the matter is elevated to the chief steward (to represent the grievant) and the immediate supervisor elevates the concern to the department manager, who is the authorized personnel to review and evaluate the matter. The time allotted for step 3 is 15 days. Step 4 is being addressed by local union president and the vice president for industrial relations. A total of 30 workdays is allotted to mediate the matter. Finally, step 5 already calls for arbitration when the issues still have not been resolved (Chapter 14: The Dynamics of Labor Relations, 2012). â€Å"Thousands of Greeks walked off the job on Thursday in the third general strike of the year, this time called by labor unions to protest a surprise decision by the conservative-led government to close the state broadcaster and put about 2,900 employees out of work† (Kitsantonis, 2013); Personally, I strongly believe that unions are formed to serve the best interests of employees or members of the labor force, especially those whose voices could not be aptly heard and duly represented in an organization. Thus, unions’ effectiveness could be measured in terms of their ability to forge a congenial agreement with management (or authorized representatives of the organization) and with the employees (who are members of the union) regarding labor relations issues and concerns. When clear conditions and stipulations have been clearly set by both parties and have been properly evaluated and agreed upon, it would be an indication that the needs and concerns of the employees are effectively represented and served. Thus, unions’ success in serving the labor relations needs of these employees (and that which are acceptable to management) are the standards of measurement for their

Information systems management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information systems management - Assignment Example Assessment of the firm’s mission for information systems management The mission for the firm’s information systems management is to support the teaching and administrative purposes of the university in an efficient way. Olsen offers a criterion for assessing the mission based on the perspective of an effective mission statement. One of the author’s offered based for analysis is the mission’s point of focus and he argues that a good and effective mission focuses on meeting customers’ needs instead of an organization’s interest in its products. Even though the university’s information systems management is framed to focus on a product, teaching and administration, these leads to a conducive and quality learning that meets the needs and expectations of students and other stakeholders in the education sector. Empowering teaching and administration of learning processes also identifies competence intent of the mission statement and hence it s quality. The mission also focuses on teaching staff and motivates them through support to their scope of work. Further, the mission is clear and can be understood from its simple phrase is achievable, â€Å"specific, short, sharply focused, and memorable† (Olsen, 2011, p. 94). These standards therefore qualify the mission statement. Assessment of the firm’s goals Analysis of the university’s information systems management goals also identifies effectiveness of the set goals towards meeting the department’s objectives. Based on the SMART features criteria for good goals, the goals should be â€Å"specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time oriented† (Cassidy and Kreitner, 2009, p. 69). The organizations goals are being at the start of the art in course delivery at a distance, providing 24x7 reliability in WebTycho, Desire2Learn, PeopleSoft and other essential UMUC information systems, and conserving State and student (ie, tuition) resourc es in accomplishing the foregoing. The goals are simple to understand because of their precise scopes and can be quantified for evaluation of success. Being at the start of art is measurable from comparison with competing institutions while the conservation goal can be determined from resource utility and sustainability. Analysis of the goals also identifies attainability under resource availability, relevance of the academic scope of the institution, and can be achieved in a set period. They are therefore good goals for pursuit (Cassidy and Kreitner, 2009). Importance of information systems management in the firm Information systems management plays a major role in meeting informational needs of stakeholders, mainly students, administration, and teachers. As an academic institution, the university supports students and teachers through availing required academic resources in technology based forms such as online library and inform the administration of efficiency with which the sta keholders’ needs are met and of needs for improvement of services that relates to information system (Asemi, Safari and Zavareh, 2011). The department, in its management capacity, offers leadership and liaison roles, monitor and evaluates processes, facilitates informed decisions in the institution through collection, analysis and dissemination of data (Bagad, 2009).

Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business Essay - 1

Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business - Essay Example A smart enterprise would keep a close eye on the changes in competitive advantages of the organization and realign their strategies & policies such that the business revenues and market share can be sustained. Such enterprises grow globally by carefully choosing their countries/regions of expansion after analysis of the external & internal factors that can drive the competitive advantages of the company in those geographies. Ford Motors is one such smart enterprise that has been changing their strategies & policies to sustain the challenges posed by the local factors in a country by not only globalizing rapidly but also changing their strategies pertaining to their regions of operations. This report presents the internal and external factors and the corresponding responses by Ford Motors to sustain as well as grow their business globally. Balanced Score Card System developed by Kaplan and Norton via their book "Balanced Score-Card - Translating Strategy into Action" published in 1996 (Source: http://www.balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalancedScorecard/tabid/55/Default.aspx) Ford Motors was incorporated by Henry Ford in 1903 in Dearborn, Michigan, USA. Henry Ford is known to have adapted practices that were not popular in those days - like, doubling per day wages and reducing the shifts from 9 hours to 8 hours. It was the worker friendly policies that boosted productivity of Ford much ahead of their competition. Ford is known for their methods of large scale car manufacturing and management of huge workforces globally. In 1911, Henry Ford established the first production unit outside USA in the UK by converting a tram works at Trafford Park that is in south of Manchester. In 1920, after the Second World War, the famous Dagenham facility was established that formed the base for launch of Ford Motor Company Limited (UK) in 1929 that was the hub of the European Ford organization (till the time Ford Motor Company Europe was established much later in 1967). In 1971 Ford combined the US, Canadian and Mexican operations together and established the North Ameri can Automotive Operations. The Dagenham facility was one of the most productive in assembly plant in entire Europe which, however, was closed in 2001 amidst some local factors that reduced the economy advantages of Ford manufacturing in Britain while the manufacturing in Germany and other parts of Europe was much more economical. The primary reasons for Ford manufacturing closure in Dagenham was the insurgence of shop-floor militants that developed a powerbase disrupting production by launching almost continuous Guerrilla warfare while Germany offered much more peaceful and strike free industrialization proposition. Moreover, Ford Motor Company

Future potential for growth of BMO, BMO Nesbitt Burns, Libro Research Paper

Future potential for growth of BMO, BMO Nesbitt Burns, Libro - Research Paper Example Hence, the future growth potential for this company, expressed mathematically could be 0.016%. However, there are other methods that be used in funding the growth, the BMO’s growth potential just like other firms in Canada is hugely dependent on the expansion of the economy after factoring in inflation. These methods can involve the rights issue in which the company pools resources from the shareholders. The company should resort to the overseas market to establish a global presence in the light of other global financial services heavy weight such as Barclays, and more so in the emerging markets, and in particular the Bric countries. The future potential growth although dimmed by the mathematical poor showing at a paltry 0.016% can be redeemed through rights issue. Already the company has presence in Beijing China and Singapore, the company needs to spread its wing to Russia and India, and other large industrial cities in China, such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. This is the investment service wing of the Bank, and just like its parent company, it holds a lot of future growth potential. The future growth potential of this firm is directly linked to the value of human resource available that can positively improved the net value of the companies fees as well that of the clients. Unlike the case of the parent company in which the focus was market expansion, the future growth potential for BMO Nesbitt Burns shall be pegged on its income potential, which is the ability to predict increased income. BMO Nesbitt Burns is an cap Canadian domestic portfolio, hence they have positioned the portfolio based on the greatest returns they can get. A dollar investment daily and the greatest return from the dollar can be the company’s greatest strategy be it a small capitalized company or a large capitalized automotive company. 5366.79 Another important means of determining the future potential of a company is through the

Answers for the Examination Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Answers for the Examination Papers - Essay Example The cornerstone of these attacks is a poor monetary policy of the government (the gap between monetary policy and fixed exchange rate). According to Krugman, the prerequisite for the currency crisis is the budget deficit that in turn is financed by the credits; this process may entail the depletion of the reserves of the currency (reserves of the currency to which a national one is pegged). If the domestic interest rate equals foreign interest rate, than the supply of the money caused by the expansion will be more than the demand on the national currency. The surplus of the domestic currency on the market leads to the increased demand on the foreign currency. In order to satisfy demand on the foreign currency, the national bank has to sell the reserves of the foreign currency. Once the reserves have been depleted, the national bank will have to abandon its fixed exchange rates policy as it will have no sufficient reserves to sustain it(Crznar, Currency crisis: theory and practice wit h application to Croatia). Certainly as several decades have passed since the formulation of this model by Paul Krugman it has been readjusted to reflect current trends and realities, however in view of many critics this theory has one important flaw: contention that a government could be a passive observer on the market and will do little or nothing at all to remedy monetary and fiscal problems of the country. Usually the government could readjust its monetary and fiscal policy to the exchange rate regime it maintains. Second generation model. In view of the crisis of European Monetary System in 1992, new theories of causes of currency crisis have been developed. According to this model, the government maintains fixed exchange rate regime as long as it deems necessary to do so( it might do it to decrease inflation or to establish more predictable environment for its importers and exporters. However, the government will certainly

Curriculum and External Frame Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Curriculum and External Frame Factors - Essay Example The campus is located in a safe and supportive environment appropriate for the students, staff as well as to the general faculty operations. Industries are stable and have history of financial support to the institution and its employees. The public and private school systems’ provide graduate education programs for the institution and have a reputation of high quality education programs. The commuter students enjoy accessible public transport services into and out of the city at reasonable costs. Moreover, community facilities as well as other public services are at the reach of the students and this ascertains the quality of education that is offered within the institution. Besides commendable learning environment, the institution is situated at proximity to recreation parks, which are very important for the student’s leisure activities. Moreover, the government has been very instrumental in offering supportive services to the institution and ensuring that the public enjoy the learning facilities offered within the institution as part of its basic responsibility towards the public. Key sectors driving the economy will continue to be the federal government, technology, construction, international business, and hospitality (City Data website, nd). Trinity University has a higher enrollment of Washington DC residents compared to all other private universities in the city or region. The university college is at proximity with public transport infrastructure with road and rail transport being the predominant means of commuting. Transportation services through roads by buses and taxis are easily accessible. Besides the commuter students, Trinity nursing college has boarding facilities though a few in numbers and the institution offers medical and counseling services. The Washington DC’s government acknowledges and recognizes the contributions of the institutions within the locality; for instance, the 2011, pay roll records indicate that about 40% of the annual payroll was from the local residents who were employees to the institution. The nursing college has a total employee population of 221 persons from within the city and the environment. Besides the direct contributions of the college to the lives of the city dwellers, about 2,190 Trinity graduates live within the city and contribute to the welfare and development of the city through talents, civic engagement as well as through the tax income by the government. Their influence in general welfare through formal employment as well as voluntary activities within the local organizations cannot be overemphasized (Trinity Washington University Annual Report, 2011). The population within the city and the environment reflect a mix of cultural and ethnic characteristics with a wide spread of age groups; from the elderly to the children. The populations within Washington exhibit traits of relatively good income levels; with majority receiving average incomes while some receive above average incomes. The general poverty levels are low and there are humanitarian organizations which run program s targeting assisting the poor from within. Washington DC has a great diversity in terms of

Water-soluble tissue paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water-soluble tissue - Research Paper Example It also includes the marketing strategy of water soluble tissue paper for Qatar. Power of Buyers: The power of buyers can be described by the switching cost involved in shifting from one brand to the other. The tissue paper industry is saturated with several well established manufacturers like George Pacific, Kimberly Clark, SCA, P&G, etc which offers water soluble tissue papers (SCA, 2014). Thus it gives the customers a lot of options to choose from. Moreover due to high availability and competitive pricing it is even easier for the buyers to switch between brands. As a result the rival company goes into a price war by offering lower or discounted price in bulk to attract more customers. Thus the influencing effect of the buyers on the pricing suggests that the power of buyers is high. Power of Suppliers: The tissue paper manufacturing companies procure the raw materials like recycled paper pulp, chemicals adhesives, etc from global suppliers (Carlsson et al, 2006). Although the availability of suppliers are high in the industry, but the supply often fails to meet the market demand. The low supply of raw materials is due to low availability of recycled paper and high regulation over deforestation. Thus the overall supplier’s power is moderate. Threat of new entrant: Entering into the soluble tissue paper industry, a firm does not require high capital investment, as the cost of raw materials and other production costs are relatively low. Moreover, in the tissue paper market, the concept of water soluble tissue paper is a relatively new. Thus any new entrant will have an early mover advantage. This as a result leads to low barrier to entry in the market, which increases the threat of entry of new brands. Thus the overall threat of new entrant is high. Threat of Substitutes: A substitute product is defined as any product

Opinion Essay on Inventions Essay Example for Free

Opinion Essay on Inventions Essay In my opinion, the most important invention of all time in the history of human civilization and enterprise is the internet. Why the internet? Simply because I believe this invention has made the world a better place. In almost everything we do, we need the Internet. Whether it is to look for a job, research for a project or even find love. The Internet is a dominant factor that plays an important role in our lives. We just simply cannot escape the influence that the Internet has on us. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft enterprises, once said â€Å"The internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow†. This quote may seem short, but to me, it significantly holds a deeper meaning that defines the power and potential of the Internet. The interesting part was that this famous entrepreneur had said this quote in 2003 which by then the internet was not a worldwide phenomenon like it is today. It is undeniable that this invention has done many wonders to our lives. The Internet has defined and simplified all means of communication, research and entertainment in our lives in this technological era. Internet was invented in the beginning of the 19th century but deigned and published in the year 1973-1974 to suit consumer needs and wants. This invention was solely meant for military purposes, to be used as a communication network for US militants. However, this invention failed to convince the military and was modified and published for the use of the public. This invention may not have proved its original purpose but it has indeed benefit society through its many functions and benefits. From the looks of what internet has done for us, it is evident that Internet has changed and improved life as it is. Basically our daily communication has changed for the better. It has made the world a smaller place to live in. Communication such as social websites or programs has brought great convenience as people globally can communicate and interact with one another with just a click of a button. It creates a cyber-world that promotes interaction in the midst of society, breaking the barrier s in telecommunications. Read more:  The World is a Smaller Place these Days Essay Examples of social websites or programs are Skype, Facebook, Twitter and MSN. Friends and family can always keep and touch. Websites like Facebook also enable people to know each other social activity without physical contact, this has definitely change people in this generation to know more people and have more friends. The best part of it all is that discrimination cannot be found in the Internet space as people cannot be seen physically. Businesses also rely on the Internet as a medium of promotion, marketing and advertising to gain publicity and fame to their companies. People can form partnerships or businesses without having the necessity of meeting each other face to face. Just like Bill Schrander once said, â€Å"Almost overnight, the Internets gone from a technical wonder to a business must.† I definitely agree with this statement as it is now apparent that physical distance becomes irrelevant with just with a click of a mouse button. Partners can hold conferences with the use of social programs that connects people worldwide. Advertising and marketing are also made easy through the use of the Internet, playing a big role in businesses today. This proves the immeasurable convenience the Internet has given us. Things that was impossible in the past, has been made possible with the invention of Internet. The improvement in the world’s communication is significant, contributing to the reason why it is the best invention in history. It has indeed made the world’s society hold a deeper connection between one other as cultures and lifestyles are being communicated vice versa creating a mutual understanding around the world. Internet has greatly played a role in the research department as the Internet is where countless of data and information is shared all over the world. A famous professor of mathematical literacy once said â€Å"The Internet is the world’s largest library. It’s just that a ll the books are on the floor.† This quote explains it clearly and precisely what the quote stated, the internet stores all the information. This information can easily be found in one floor. This quote is actually comparing the present to the past, when everybody had to gain knowledge and obtain information by reading and gathering books from in the library. It is inconvenient and definitely not like the internet, where any information can be found easily. The Internet has truly changed our world making it more convenient in general, unlike the past. We do not need to waste time searching for countless of books just to obtain information needed. In addition, the Internet brings the world one step ahead in education as students can attain knowledge with the click of a button. Internet has also become a universal storage system, because a human mind cannot withstand the information of the world throughout time. With this, information can be stored and shared to everybody in the world. The improvement of research is important because as time passes, humans will always strive to gain a better understanding of the universe and review all the past data which is stored in the Internet. When more knowledge is gained, we can apply, create and innovate the world to become a better place to live in. This is why the internet is of great importance, as the accumulated information will prove helpful for generations to come. The final reason why Internet is the best invention of all history is that internet does not only improve the world necessities in the means of convenience, communication and research. Internet also satisfies human pleasure. With the many programs, websites and applications, the Internet contributes to the expansion of entertainment. The definition of entertainment is an activity designed to give pleasure and relaxation to an audience. This is what internet is providing to us. Entertainment is a form of pleasure but is also important for human because they cannot handle continuous labor whether mentally or physically. With the invention of Internet, human pleasure is met. The Internet has a connection with the world and this is where people share their music and talents through the internet. Websites such as YouTube is a great example. Internet also allows free access to music, video and books. So the society does not need to be entertained by going out and using money. Instead, people can just go on the computer and get entertained through many websites. Entertainment as a whole help reliefs the stress and worries of many people. This is why I believe internet is the best invention in all history of human civilization and enterprise. In Conclusion, Internet is every combination of any other invention like phone or television. With internet, almost everything can be done through the power of the world wide connection. This shows how significant of value this invention is as it simplified all our means in communication, research and entertainment in our lives. The different programs have advance and improve our communication. The Internet’s ability to store unlimited information have brought the world one step ahead for convenient research and education. This is why I strongly believe Internet is the most important invention of all time in the history of human civilization and enterprise. Works Cited 5, December. History of the Internet. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 02 May 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet. Internet History Invention of the Internet. The Great Idea Finder Celebrating the Spirit of Innovation. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/internet.htm. Internet Is The Greatest Invention In The World Till Now! Voice Of Dingchao. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.handingchao.com/internet-is-the-greatest-invention-in-the-world-till-now/. Internet Quotes. Find the Famous Quotes You Need, ThinkExist.com Quotations. Web. 02 May 2011. http://thinkexist.com/quotations/internet/. Internet Quotes, Sayings about the World Wide Web. The Quote Garden Quotes, Sayings, Quotations, Verses. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.quotegarden.com/internet.html. John Allen Paulos. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 02 May 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allen_Paulos. Life of Marsa. Web. 02 May 2011. http://lifeofmarsa.blogspot.com/.

Marketing Plan For Persil Cleaner Planet Plan Marketing Essay

Marketing Plan For Persil Cleaner Planet Plan Marketing Essay With the recent new initiative of the Persil Cleaner Planet Plan being foremost in the companies mind http://www.persil.com/CleanerPlanet.aspx the main objectives of the plan are to be the focal point of this marketing plan. The development of a new product which is environmentally friendly, kind on skin, yet tough on stains is going to enable the achievement of these objectives. With the continuous introduction of re-usable nappy schemes throughout the world it can be seen that there is a potential market for a product that can meet the needs of consumers. In order to reduce the carbon footprint through the use of re-usable nappies a product has to be introduced that can wash at low temperatures. Previous research has shown that in order to benefit from the use of re-usable nappies compared to disposable ones certain factors have to be taken into account when washing e.g. low temperature, full load etc. The main purpose of this new product shall be the washing of re-usable nappies and clothes at as lower temperate as possible. To ensure success in achieving the objectives specific marketing strategies will be used in the marketing plan process these are segmentation, targeting and the marketing mix, all of which will establish the products potential. Cleaner Planet Plan Tactics Segmentation To establish the target market for the new product the use of demographic segmentation will be adopted. This will enable the company to reach specific consumers and help to understand their needs. A variable of demographic segmentation to consider is Generation X as they could prove to be a potential target market for the product, although getting the message across to them will be difficult and will need to be done via word of mouth. Targeting The product is to be mainly aimed at new parents; the recent baby boom will create significant opportunities, whilst also targeting existing consumers who care about the environment and the affect of global warming. With the initial use of penetration pricing the new product will be accessible to those consumers who wish to change from their current brand to a more environmentally friendly one and will attract parents keen on the idea of using re-usable nappies but concerned about the initial outlay, as this can often be quite expensive. Marketing mix 4Ps The four strategies of the marketing mix will be used to reach the companies objectives. Product In using the concept of benefit building figure 1(LearnMarketing.net, 2009) as devised by Philip Kotler the company can begin to get an overall picture of the product and its benefits. Figure 1 http://www.learnmarketing.net/totalproduct1.jpg The new product is to be named Persil Nature, an environmentally friendly, non-biological, hypo-allergenic washing powder with added Aloe Vera. It is to be made from plant and mineral based ingredients that are biodegradable. Persil Natures core function is to enable the washing of re-usable nappies and clothes at a temperature of 15c or better still cold water. It will be packaged in a biodegradable cardboard box with a pull out pouring spout. Preference is to be given to cardboard as oppose to plastic as the opportunities for recycling from home are far greater. It will be available in pack sizes of 850g, 2.38kg and 4.25kg. The labelling will have the typical Persil branding and will display a top tips section with advice on the best ways of washing, drying etc. to further promote the environmental issues. There will also be information to direct consumers to the companys Cleaner Planet Plan website. It shall come with a money back guarantee if consumers are not entirely satisfied with the product. Price The penetration pricing strategy will be used to encourage consumers to use the product. An introductory price will be used in the first few weeks of the launching of the new product. This initial price shall be in line with other biological products in the companies range. The price will then be increased in line with other similar products on the market, with special attention been paid to the companies close competitors. Table 1 below shows the introductory and increased prices for each pack size: Table 1 Pack size Introductory price Increased price 850g  £3.49  £4.49 2.38kg  £6.99  £7.99 4.25kg  £10.99  £11.99 The price will constantly be reviewed in order to achieve the maximum potential of the product and strategies put in place where relevant. Promotion A wide variety of marketing campaigns will be undertaken to reach the target market. The use of TV, radio and the web will help to promote the product to a wider audience. Advertisements will be placed in newspapers and magazines and promotional leaflets will also be used. The company will work in partnership with local councils, hospitals; through midwives and nurseries to promote re-usable nappy schemes and also the new product. Partnership will also take place with re-usable nappy companies, with money-off coupons being placed on nappy products and vice versa. Place The product will need to be in the right place at the right time. This process will need to be carefully planned as bad timing can have a significant impact on whether a new product succeeds or fails in the world of fast moving consumer goods. Distribution will be made through retailers as there is a strong market presence already there and they are able to have a more personal relationship with consumers.

Strategies To Improve Parental Involvement Education Essay

Strategies To Improve Parental Involvement Education Essay Introduction Parental involvement in students education has become a greater challenge in recent years and has posed a problem for educators in Jamaica. Parents have competing priorities which oftentimes reduce the quantity and quality of time available for their involvement with childrens education. Now more than ever, mothers constitute a large part of the workforce which does not allow for quality time to be spent with children. Many children are living in low-income single female headed households without the basic necessities such as proper food, clothing and shelter. In spite of the Ministry of Education implementations of parenting seminars and workshops to help parents with the job of parenting, not much has change. This paper seeks to discuss and find strategies to improve parental involvement. In an article published in the Daily Gleaner dated May 26, 2008, Sylvester Anderson the president of the National Parents Teachers Association of Jamaica stressed that there is a great need for better parental involvement in students educational development. He stated that things had been improving but, there was still a long way to go as attendance at PTA meetings was pretty low with attendance rate of about 20 to 30 per cent, which is not good enough for a partnership. In addition, most parents show up for the first meeting of the school year, but the rate dwindled to a severe low for the remainder of the school term, while others do not even bother to visit the schools or collect their childrens academic report. Consequently, parents are reminded that their job does not end with just sending their children to school, but they need to be involved in every part of the childs growth. However, as childrens first educator, parents have the responsibility to ensure that they participate in their childrens school life in order for children to reach according to Vygotsky, their zone of proximal development (cited in Berk, 2006, p. 260). In Jamaica, especially in the inner-city community, the high fertility rate resulting from teenage pregnancies has shown a marked difference between adolescent parenting versus adult parenting, as teenaged parents lack the resources and maturity to care for their children adequately. However the problem of poor parental involvement is not only seen in adolescent parents but adult parents too. This is oftentimes manifested in the interest shown in the activities at school. Many parents have lost interest or have little or no time to be involved in school activities which has affected their childrens performance. Some however, are illiterate, lack training or skill and have not completed secondary education hence their inability to secure jobs to care for their children or assist them in their school activities. Despite being unemployed, some parents still do not go to meetings unless refreshment is provided or they can gain tangible rewards. This shows that parents places very little value on their childrens educational experience. In addition, some mothers are oftentimes busy caring for younger children which resulted in their absence from all activities that takes place at their childrens school. In many of the homes fathers are absent leaving the responsibility of parenting on the mothers. Some are involved in gangs and show little inclination to participate in school activities although they are unemployed. Many parents do not seem to have their childrens education as priority but instead are more interested in partying, fun and fashion than in the education of their children. This is evident in the small number of children registered at birth or fully immunize in spite of the service for the latter being free (taken from the school admission record for 2008-2011). As a result, these children are at a risk of not developing to their fullest potential. For example, there are some children who can perform well academically but display disruptive behaviours, while there are others who are socially competent but are academically challenged. Through the many parenting seminars which are poorly attended, parents are informed that researchers of parental involvement in schools have stated definitively that parental involvement has direct and lasting impact on childrens learning and academic achievement (Wishon, Crabtree Jones, 1997). However this has not changed the action of many parents to become involved in school activities. From all appearances it seems that many parents of lower socio- economic status are unaware of the impact they have on their childrens performance when they are involved. Nevertheless, parents are their childrens first and most important teachers. As they guide their childrens behaviour, they teach and prepare them for school. Parents must realize that they need to have a connection with the school environment in order for their children to succeed and for the school to be a success. The school must also realize that this is a two way process and they need to work with parents and parents with the school in order for children to succeed. Lyons, Robbins, Smith (cited in Wishon, Crabtree Jones, 1998) stated that when parents provide supervision and support for their children they are more likely to succeed as teachers have high expectations of their children. Parental involvement in school activities also guarantee that teachers treat parents with respect and show interest in their children. Parental Involvement In an article written by The National Centre for Parents, Parental involvement is defined as the participation of parents in every facet of childrens education and development from birth to adulthood, recognizing that parents are the primary influence in childrens lives (retrieved July 3, 2009, http:www.ctpta.org/parenting/parent involvement.htm). Parents in this context can be referred to as childrens closest caregivers or members of their extended families. In their definition of parental involvement Hoover-Dempsey Sandler (2005) refer to two types of parental involvement activities oftentimes used by parents. One type is home-based involvement which includes activities that takes place between the child and parent outside the school setting. This entails helping child with homework, revising for test, monitoring of childs progress, providing enrichment activities pertinent to school success and corresponding with childs teacher on a regular basis. The other type is school-base in volvement which includes activities wherein parents focus on their individual child in the school setting. These activities include parent-teacher conference, in-class observation of child, informal discussions with teacher, attending school events and volunteering to assist on class field trips. Barriers to parental involvement Although there are many benefits to parental involvement there are also some barriers. Some are attributed to parenting styles which have both positive and negative impact in the school and wider society. In assessing the different parenting styles and their impact on children Berk (2006) posits that authoritative parents are warm but firm, attentive and sensitive to their childrens needs, while the authoritarian parents appear cold and rejecting and frequently degrade their children by mocking and putting them down. On the other hand the permissive parents are overindulgent, inattentive and have little control over their childrens lives which is similar to the uninvolved parents who have little involvement in their childrens lives, are emotionally detached and oftentimes depress. As a result of the above parenting styles it is indicative that the permissive and uninvolved parent would not be involved in their childrens school activities. The former Minister of Education, Andrew Holness, in an article entitled Government to set up support group for parents, states that poor parenting is manifesting itself in children who are not socially well adjusted and who leave the private domain of the home and misbehave at school and in public. He further stated that the first strategy to solve this problem is education, so that parents can be introspective about their behaviour and reform achieved. Parents on the other hand have many problems that have prevented them from being involved in school. Some of the barriers to parental involvement are; parents being too busy, frustrated, too tired, having other siblings to care for, economically deprived, disinterested or too burdened by their own problems. Parents also fear being involved, not fully understanding what they can do and how valuable their contribution is to their childrens academic achievement. Parents also fear that they do not have the ability to help their children. Eldridge (2001) confirms this in a statement by parents that they believe that their assistance is not needed by the schools or teacher (p. 66). Some teachers do not help the situation either as they think parents have nothing to contribute. Becher (1984) opines that teachers fear that parents will take over their teaching responsibilities and be too critical of them. In addition, some teachers are also uncomfortable talking about issues in front of parents as they do not trust them. In order to alleviate parents fear, teachers must create an environment in which parents are perceived as partners in the educational process and not as adversaries. Epstein (1995) opines that single parents have been identified as another barrier to parental involvement. This is as a result of single parents being poorer, less educated, and younger than is the case of two parents in two-parent homes. Despite their status parents play an important role in the life of their children even if they are single, uneducated or economically deprived. Benefits of Parental Involvement ? need fi find out who seh dis Parental involvement benefits children, parents, teachers and the school. Research has shown the positive impact that even the smallest efforts on the part of parents can have on childrens learning. Education should be viewed as a shared responsibility and as a method of improving its outcome the school should reach out to the family. Furthermore, when children view their parents as a part of their educational journey, they feel motivated to achieve and feel justified in sharing achievement. As a result, when parents are closely involved with their childrens pre-school programme, there is no doubt that children tend to bloom. According to Pena (2000) increase communication, increase volunteerism, better school support and better attitudes are just a few ways that parental involvement benefit parents, children and school. Additionally, when parents take an active interest in their childrens education, cognitive and physical development is enhanced; the child develops greater problem-solving skills and a significant increase occurs in the childs receptive and expressive language skills (Wishon et al, 1998, p.124). Several studies ( Berk, 2006; Wishon et al, 1998) concur that parental involvement in school benefits children as they demonstrate greater responsiveness to both school and home environments and achieve academic success and wellbeing. Additionally, students benefit by getting higher grades, better attendance, and getting more homework done which builds their self-esteem. Parents also benefit when they participate in their childrens education in many ways. They learn a great deal about child care from their early child care and education programmes as they learn their homes benefit tremendously as they become more intellectually stimulating. This is as a result of parents adopting activities and ways of interacting that they encountered at the schools their children attends. Parents can also develop more positive attitudes towards themselves including greater feelings of self-confidence, self-worth and competence if the programme embraces and works with them. As parents become involved with schools in parents related activities they develop a better understanding of child development which expands their understanding of the home as a place for learning. As a result of this parents are better able and more willing to help their children at home. One of the most significant benefits to parents partnering with schools is that teachers develop a greater understanding of parents, their challenges and their cultural heritage. However, parents sometimes can be difficult to deal with and as a result they put a strain on the parent-teacher relationship. This often become a barrier and hinders the parent-teacher relationship. Evidence of this is seen when they ignore all attempts at communication by not reading letters sent home or answering calls from school. Despite this Pena (2000) recommends that teachers do not give up as it is the challenging parents who most need the teachers attention and resources. Therefore, with a better understanding of a familys situation, teachers are more likely to be more supportive of the parents and less likely to be judgmental of them. According to Epstein (1995) children whose parents are involved in their education are more motivated to learn. Motivated students tend to be more involved in class, more concerned about homework and more successful academically. In addition, childrens success in school will be dependent on the level of involvement of parents in the process. Schools need to keep parents involved so they will better understand the importance of their role in the educational process. For parents who are illiterate, invite them in and explain work child is presently doing, so they can ensure that child is assisted at home. She further asserts that parents are valuable resources in the classroom, if schools assist with the continuing education of parents, they will increase and enhance their resources. The school can also provide on the job training for parents who work as volunteers in the classroom. The school should established proper communication with parents frequently and not only when child is giving trouble. A high level of parent involvement is critical to a childs educational success so, schools must involve parents as early as possible. When schools facilitate better parenting, parents will develop better awareness as to the importance of school. This will help them to pass on and enhance positive values and attitudes in their children. Another beneficiary of parental involvement is the school, as there is improve morale among teachers, higher ratings of teachers by parents and more support from families. Wishon et al (1998) agreed that when parents become involved with the school they develop a better understanding of the goals set for both the school and students and the plans for achieving those goals. Strategies for improving parental involvement Epstein (1995) posits that schools should promote and support parenting skills and make communication more meaningful and regular between the home and school. Parents should be welcomed as volunteers, and their advice sought, since they know their children better than anyone else. The school can also help parents to understand the educational process and their role in supporting students achievement. Parents should help with decision making as they are full partners in their childrens education, and have many ideas that can be shared with the school. She further states that schools should provide grade level opportunities for parents to learn about parenting and child-rearing. This can be done through workshops, use of video tapes and phone voice messages. Parents can also be provided with suggestions on how to improve home conditions that support their childrens learning. The school can also help by; providing training or educational courses for parents that will help them to get jobs, direct parents to support programmes for health, nutrition and other services, assist parents in establishing home environments to support children as students, teach parents activities that build self-esteem and competence in their children, encourage parents to give children responsibility, so children can take responsibility for their learning, host grade-level parenting workshops to discuss childrens progress, conduct home visits as this is an effective strategy for involving parents especially in the inner-city where parents hide from the sch ool. In addition, the school can initiate community meetings to help families understand schools and to help schools understand families, teach parents about child development and what to expect from children at different ages, teach parents behavior modification strategies so they can discipline their children without force, help parents to develop ways they can stimulate their childrens intellectual and emotional growth, while parents are waiting to collect their children show videos about how children learn and how to work with children with special needs, help parents educate their children by ensuring that parents understand concepts being taught, offer parents opportunities to familiarize themselves with classroom materials and discuss grade-level curriculum. Parents can also be provided with upcoming topics to be taught, so they can prepare their children for that learning or activity. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that, parental involvement is important to the school, parents and the child. There can also be definite improvement in childrens academic performance if parents are involved in the process. Despite the obstacles, the parents and school should ensure that they each do their part in promoting parental involvement. It is also important that the school take the initiative in developing a positive relationship with parents. The key to removing the barriers to effective parent involvement is the teacher who can achieve this before school begins and foster it throughout the school year. Parental involvement can benefit the school to a great extent which will in effect benefit the students academic performance.

U.S. Foreign Policy Essay -- Politics Government

Throughout the course of history, the United States has remained consistent with its national interest by taking many different actions in foreign policy. There have been both immediate and long term results of these actions. Foreign policy is the United States policy that defines how we deal with other countries economically and politically. It is made by congress, the president, and the people. Some of the motivations for United States foreign policy are national security, economics, and idealism. The United States entry into World War I in 1917 and the escalation of the Vietnam War in 1964 and the both had great impact on the United States. A major type of foreign policy in the 1964 was containment. The Vietnam War was fought between the communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The United States supported South Vietnam and other communist countries supported North Vietnam. In 1950, the United States were scared of the domino effect and didn?t want to become communist. The United States, at this point, offers 2.5 billion dollars to aid France. The United States involvement in Vietnam had begun. By 1969 the United States had 543,000 troops in Vietnam engaged in a war to try to end communist containment. The escalation of the War in Vietnam was a direct result of the inability of the U.S. to make a firm commitment during the early stages of the conflict. In 1954, the battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought. This forced the French to retreat. In 1964, an American ship was attacked by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin. Congress then issues the Tonkin Resolution. The Tonkin Resolution granted President L yndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country. In 1965, Americas first combat ... ...1919, World War I was offically over. The Treaty of Versailles was signed blaming the war on Germany. It made new nations and dimiliterized Germany. As a result of the treaty, the League of Nations was established. The goals of the League of Nations was to have international organization, improving global quality of life, and to avoid war. Foreign relations are highly complex and controversial. Everything, such as, formal and informal contacts with other nations and social and cultural contacts have to be recognized when a foreign policy is established. The United States have taken many different foreign policy actions since 1890. Some have been successful and some have not. Both internationaltion and containment were very important foreign policies but there were many more. Isolationism and Imperialism aslo had a huge impact on how America is today.

Pop Art Comparison of Seated Woman and Lavender Disaster :: Essays Papers

Pop Art Comparison of Seated Woman and Lavender Disaster Pop Art was a Modern art movement that emerged durring the mid-twentieth century in both England and America. It first began to gain recognition in the early 1950’s, after about twenty years of Abstract, as artists altered their attention and looked to change. In the late 1950’s and early 1960’s, Pop Art became much more popular to the general public and successful for the movement’s artists due to the world growing tired of the repeditive forms of Abstract. Found in the Menil Collection, Seated Woman and Lavender Disaster are two examples of Pop Art. The comparison of these two pieces shows although they differ in medium and subject matter both Seated Woman and Lavender Disaster share common underlying themes possesed by all Pop Art. George Segal was an American artist from New York. He began experamenting with the use of a new kind of medical bandage designed for setting fractures, and he developed a techniquie using these bandages to make plaster casts. This allowed Segal to produce a figure that kept the essential human traits with out great detail, and also enabled these figures to be cast directly from a live model. It is in this way that George Segal created Seated Woman in 1967. Andy Warhol was a graphic artist, painter, and film maker, amoung other things, also associated with Pop Art. He moved to New York, around 1950, where he did his first advertisements as a comercial artist and, later, began showing in expositions. One technique employed by Warhol involved repeditive silk screen prints on canvas. He used this method to produce many series of prints with various, easily reconizable images. Between 1962 and 1964 in his self titled studio â€Å"The Factory†(Phaidon 484), Warhol produced over two thousand pictures. One of these, Lavender Disaster, was made in 1963 and belonged to a series of pictures all including the same image of an electric chair. The subjet matter of these two Pop Art examples is for the most part quite different, although there are some similarities. George Segal’s piece is a white plaster figure on a wooden chair with a vinyl seat pad. The figure is sitting sideways in the chair, with her right side being closest to the back of the chair.

Most Commonly Cited Characteristics Found in Successful Entrepreneur Essay

There has been extensive research conducted on the characteristics that successful entrepreneurs possess. These attributes vary widely across literature, however there are common key traits that are required to achieve any form of success. Frederick et al (2013) suggest entrepreneurs are risk takers, optimistic, have sound judgement and an ability to manage. While a review of literature relating to the psychology of an entrepreneur reveals a large variety of characteristics in a successful entrepreneur, these can be consolidated to a a few into only a few traits that are essential for a successful entrepreneur. Whilst taking into consideration Frederick et al (2013) point of view of key characteristic, other research suggests that there are further primary attributes that a successful entrepreneur necessitates. The most important traits that all entrepreneurs must retain to have any form of success will be discussed with backing arguments from related literature. While there are many other characteristic, within the scope of this piece three essential traits are discussed. Of interest is the characteristics of confidence, while it will be the negative implications off excessive confidence will be outlined. Additionally, the ability to think creatively and innovative to help differentiate an entrepreneur from a manager or executive is to be analysed based on a example of Steve Jobs. Finally, leadership and it’s importance to an entrepreneurs organisation to allow people to share the vision of the entrepreneur. See more: how to cite an article in an essay It will be argued that without confidence an entrepreneur cannot succeed, however, overconfidence can be a drawback to the point where it is destructive in a entrepreneurs venture. While, any successful entrepreneur must contain the traits of creativeness and have the ability to innovate where society requires a product or service and what factors dictate the extent of the trait. Finally, leadership and it’s ability to motivate and how it is able to share the vision of the company will be discussed with an example as evidence. Confidence Confidence is a trait commonly described in literature as an essential trait for any entrepreneur. It is essential for their confidence to not waver in times of difficult down periods and consequently assists maintaining their confidence as well as the one of the people around them. Their own optimism and creates a level of self confidence that is required in decision making such that Nandan (2011) suggests that it is the self-confidence that allows an entrepreneur to make decisions to overcome any obstacle. Frederick et al (2013) describe self-confidence as a belief within their own ability which lacks hesitation. Although confidence is an essential trait for an entrepreneur, recent research has suggested that there is a cognitive bias of overconfidence in entrepreneurs (Fitzsimmons et al 2011) leading to failure. While Fitzsimmonms and Douglas suggest that the overconfidence is what separates them from being a manager, studies have found that overconfidence can also be harmful when making decisions in response to setbacks (Trevelyan 2008). This has also been backed up by Koellinger el al. (2007) who proposed that a negative relationship between entrepreneurial confidence and the ability for their survival. The evidence collected by literature suggests a general negative correlation between excessive confidence and success of an entrepreneur but it tends to be the case that without confidence an entrepreneur cannot succeed. While literature seems to indicate a fine line between confidence and an excess of it, it is clear any form of overconfidence is seen to be destructive. For example, a highly successful entrepreneur in Australia’s coal mining, Nathan Tinkler, has made his fortune by backing his judgement and investing in a bold play in Middlemount mine at a young age of 26, by taking out a half a million dollar loan. The subsequent sale of the land pocketed himself a sizable profit in which he continued to build his wealth on to become a billionaire and one of Australia’s richest men. However, it is his overconfidence in the coal mining has become his downfall in 2012. While it was Tinkler’s optimism and overconfidence on new venture activity resulted in his wealth, the research has detailed that excess optimism and overconfidence can be a drawback. Whyte et al (1997) found that overconfidence predicts an escalation of commitment to losing course of action and similarly in a simulation study conducted by Audia et al (2000) found that entrepreneurs that experience success were more likely to be overconfident and stuck to their ori ginal course of action (Audia et al, 2000). This is research is shown most prevalent in Tinkler’s actions immediately after his initial success to the point that his blindness and lack of any ability to review alternative decisions with his wealth resulted in is wealth halving. A further instance of this was when Tinkler invested heavily back in the coal mining sector with his wealth as this was the original course of action that made his wealth. Consequently, with a dip in the global coal price, Tinklers wealth halved from $1.18 billion to $630 million with many of his coal business’s put into receivership (Low 2013). His over confidence lead to an over evaluation of his business (Hayward and Hambrick 1997) and resulted in him investing in now unprofitable ventures (Zacharakis and Shepard 2001) because of his excess in confidence and belief of the business he had while lacking the ability on new venture development. Creativeness and Innovation Successful entrepreneur natural trait of being creative or innovative are of people who are driven by the desire to create or change something (Wiley 2007). Frederick et al (2013) suggest that the level of innovation in entrepreneurs is closely correlated to the geographic location and environment. As a result, their findings suggest that innovation and creativeness is not something that is genetic but a trait related to culture. Based on these findings, it would seem that creativeness and innovation may be learned and developed when they have been forced to create change in something (Wiley 2007). Wiley et al (2007) argues in their studies that innovative entrepreneurs include technological entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs who are not driven to create inventions or new science break through, however, are driven by culture to create change. As a result, studies indicate that this driver emerges from the need for change where unique goods and services are needed to be produced ( Frederick et al 2013). Additionally Jeffery et al (2009) argue in their studies that innovative entrepreneurs differ from executives based on four behavioral patterns. They suggest that innovative entrepreneurs acquire information differently to many top executives as the are able to question, observe the market, experiment and idea network (Jeffery et al 2009). Accordingly, innovative entrepreneurs develop a different train of thought to top managers where it can explain the ability for a innovative entrepreneur to create new innovative ventures. For these reasons it might be suggested that innovative entrepreneurs are less sensitive to the status quo bias and have the motivation to change the status quo through the creativeness and innovation. For instance, regarded by many as the most creative entrepreneur in the last decade, Steve Jobs, one of the co-founders of Apple, opened new product markets where none had existed before, turning Apple into a highly profitable business. He saw what many were not able to see, and developed new products such as the smart phone to compete with the conventional phone, which became the norm of the 21st century. Winslow (2007), suggests that the innovation and creativity has spawned not only because of the electronic era but the plethora of new materials and products (Winslow 2007) and it is clear that Jobs took full advantage of these developments. Leadership Leadership is a device that is used to obtain an organisations goal or desire though the means of influencing, motivation and sharing of a vision (Samson & Draft 2007). Studies suggest that leadership is associated with confidence where without self-assurance there would not be any leadership where it indicates that self-confidence is the fundamental basis of an entrepreneur (Francisco Dau). Furthermore according to Nandan (2011), self confidence is key to overcome any obstacles that may lie in front of an entrepreneur which is essential low periods and periods of uncertainty. Leadership was best demonstrated by Lee Iacoca in the lats 1970s and 80s in his ability to reshape the automotive industry. He is widely seen as one the the most influential leaders of the 20th century that helped reshape America. Indeed, it was his leadership that save Chrysler auto-motives from bankruptcy. Studies conducted by Samson and Draft illustrated that a organisations performance correlated to whether the senior executives and managers demonstrated strong leadership. They also indicated that strong leadership from the top resulted in increase in job satisfaction and commitment which assists in promoting creativity and sharing a vision of change. As a result Iacocca developed his nine C’s for leadership (curiosity, creative, communicate, character, courage, conviction, charisma, competent) where he utilised them to share his vision for change and influenced his employees to support him. Choosing to reduce his salary to $1 a year in order to help restore the company, Iacocca was able to illustrate his commitment to stakeholders and through rational persuasion was able to get the stakeholders to believe in his credibility. His $1 a year salary motivated others and assisted him inspire labor unions to accept a pay cut. Without this level of leadership, entrepreneur’s are not able to share their vision with their employees as entrepreneurs require a team to support them achieve their goals. Iaccoca suggested that having a dynamic team and keeping their enthusiasm and support was critical to achieving any change and vision. Conclusion It has been discussed in detail that there are three main characteristics that are essential to a successful entrepreneur. While studies have detailed the numerous other characteristics that have not been mentioned this this piece, they all shared a common view point that confidence, leadership and creativity and innovative characteristics are all associated with successful entrepreneurs. Based on the examples of previous successful entrepreneurs Steve Jobs and Lee Iacocca, it was illustrated that they all shared the same essential characteristics listed above. The first and most important characteristic for a successful entrepreneur was to be able to have self confidence. Without this key trait, it was illustrated through literature that other characteristics are not possible or ineffective and that it was the fundamental trait any entrepreneur requires. It was followed by the need for entrepreneurs to require a form of creativeness and innovation to create new cheaper solutions, and change the market by implementing services and products subjected to the surrounding culture. Finally, Leadership and its ability to influence and motivate employees to assist the entrepreneur achieve the change and goals they seek is only possible with the help of self confidence.

Chemistry Questionnaire Essay

What is meant by the term cis-trans isomerism? How many cis-trans isomers are present in Structure I? Draw any 2 possible cis-trans isomers. (iii) State the physical state of this lipid at room temperature. Explain your answer. [9] (b) Suggest a possible identity for each of the organic compounds A-E below. Explain your reasoning and write balanced equations for the reactions involved where possible. i) A, C11H14O2 is a neutral compound. Hydrolysis of A gives B, C7H6O2 which is a white precipitate and C, C4H10O which does not decolourise acidified potassium manganate(VII) on heating. (ii) D, C4H10O2 reacts with 2 moles of sodium metal, but not with solid sodium carbonate. On boiling under reflux with aqueous potassium manganate(VII), D gives a compound, E, C4H6O3. E reacts with alkaline aqueous iodine to give a yellow precipitate and evolves carbon dioxide when solid sodium carbonate is added. Draw structural formulae of the products of the reactions between glutamic acid and I aqueous NaOH II aqueous HCl (ii) Draw the structural formula of a dipeptide formed between glutamic acid and phenylalanine, showing the ionic form in which it would exist at pH 10. [4] [Total: 20] 5 3 (a) Iron(III) chloride is a dark brown solid which dissolves in water to give an acidic solution. This solution is used to etch, i. e. dissolve, unwanted copper from printed circuit boards. When a copper-coated printed circuit board is immersed in aqueous iron(III) chloride, the solution turns greenish blue. i) Explain, with the aid of an equation, why aqueous iron(III) chloride is acidic. (ii) Use the Data Booklet to explain why iron(III) chloride etches copper. Give a relevant equation to explain the greenish blue solution observed. (iii) Suggest what happens to the overall E0 value if the thickness of the copper coating is increased. Anhydrous aluminium chloride behaves similarly as anhydrous iron(III) chloride in that they sublime readily when heated. When 1. 56 g of aluminium chloride was placed in an evacuated vessel of volume 1. 00 dm3 at 1800C, the pressure produced was 32. kPa. (i) Calculate the apparent relative molecular mass of the aluminium chloride under the stated conditions. (ii) In the vapour phase, aluminium chloride partially exists as a dimer. Using your answer obtained for b(i), calculate the percentage of the dimer under the stated conditions. (iii) Suggest a reason why the dimerisation process of aluminium chloride is exothermic. 6 (iv) Predict, giving a reason in each case, the effect on the proportion of dimer in the equilibrium mixture if I the pressure is lowered, II the temperature is lowered. MgO(s) + CO2(g) ?H? = +117 kJ mol-1; ?S? = +175 J mol-1 K-1 8 (i) Why does the entropy increase when magnesium carbonate decomposes? (ii) Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, ? G? , for the decomposition of magnesium carbonate. Comment on the spontaneity of the decomposition of magnesium carbonate at room temperature. (iii) Assuming that ? H? and ? S? for the reaction are independent of temperature, calculate the temperature at which the decomposition reaction becomes feasible. (iv) Compare the ease of thermal decomposition of magnesium carbonate with barium carbonate. [8] Turn over 4 (d) Suggest a simple chemical test to distinguish between each pair of compounds. For each test, give reagents and conditions, and state what would be seen with each compound. The dissociation reactions and Ka values of carbonic acid are given below. H2CO3 HCO3- + H+ Ka1 = 4. 2 x 10-7 mol dm-3 HCO3- CO32 – + H+ Ka2 = 4. 8 x 10-11 mol dm-3 0. 10 mol dm-3 aqueous NaOH is added slowly to 20. 0 cm3 of carbonic acid and the change in pH is followed and shown below. pH x x B x A x x 10 20 30 40 10 Vol of aqueous NaOH added / cm3 (i) Calculate the initial pH of the carbonic acid, stating any assumptions you make. (ii) Calculate the pH at the first equivalence point, A. (iii) What is the pH at point B? Give a reason for your answer. [6] [Turn over 5 (b) Maintenance of pH is vital to the cells of all living organisms because enzyme activity is influenced by pH. For instance, protection from harmful pH change in the blood plasma is provided by the hydrogencarbonate/carbonic acid system (HCO3-/H2CO3). At 370C, the temperature of the human body, pH of blood plasma is 7. 4. i) Explain, with relevant equations, how the hydrogencarbonate/carbonic acid system regul ates the pH of blood plasma. (ii) Calculate the ratio of [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] for maintaining the optimum pH of blood plasma. [4] (c) Describe two differences in physical properties between transition metals and a s-block metal such as magnesium, suggesting reasons for these differences based on their atomic structures. [3] 11 (d) The oxidation of manganese(IV) oxide in alkaline solution in air produces green manganate(VI) ion, MnO42-. When manganate(VI) is added to a dilute acid, a purple solution and dark brown solid manganese(IV) oxide reforms.

Essay on Sartre’s “Man Is Condemned to Be Free” Essay

When Sartre writes that â€Å"man is condemned to be free,† he is elaborating on the statement â€Å"[man] is responsible for everything he does.† Provided that God does not exist, man must live his condemned life of freedom without â€Å"any values or commands that could legitimize [his] behavior.† Furthermore, man has no means of â€Å"justification or cause;† man has no excuse for his actions, because he has chosen them on his own, out of his own freedom. Although freedom is traditionally characteristic of â€Å"good,† Sartre describes it almost as a burden, because of his belief that God does not exist. When man discovers that he is â€Å"without excuse,† he has come to realize that he â€Å"cannot find anything to depend on;† for without God, everything is â€Å"permitted.† Also, because there is no outside force driving every man, each man as an individual is responsible for shaping the image of man, or â€Å"invent[ing] man.† Assuming that God in the heavens is not laying out the future and that we are all responsible for ourselves, at â€Å"every instant† man is condemned to â€Å"invent man,† for there is no definition of man except what we make it [pg. 380, textbook]. Furthermore, Sartre explains how each man creates his own morality. Because every man is free to do what they want and make their own decisions, they sometimes are put in a situation where they must choose between â€Å"two different modes of action† [pg. 381, textbook]. If God existed and made the future as he wanted it, man would not have to make these decisions. In choosing between these two paths, man must create what he really believes in. This is choosing morality. In choosing, man develops his own morals and beliefs which result in his individual path of principles. Obviously, in some situations you may have chosen differently than another person, proving that something that means a lot to one person may in turn mean nothing to you.

Event That Changed My Life Essay

When I was in second grade, my dad and I did not get along very well. I used to think my father did not care about me. I would get frustrated with him because he would get mad at me about my grades and my behavior at school. I felt that there was no way that I could please my father. It made me lose all hope; I felt that I would just be a failure for the rest of my life. He would tell me that I did not care or try hard enough to get good grades. He was right. When I was younger, I did not care about grades. I had a friend who was a troublemaker. One time, we had to go to the office because we had a coat hanger sword fight in the locker room with some other kids. I went to the office so many times that year, and I am lucky I did not get kicked out of school. My dad did not like my bad attitude, and he helped me shake it off over the next three years, but it was not some mere walk in the park. It was a rough path my dad and I were on. I hated my dad back then, and I did not love him. I thought he was out to get me, but I am glad that he persisted in helping me. I eventually realized that he was trying to help me, but that was not until around fifth grade. One day, in fifth grade, our anger and frustration had built up, and it erupted into a huge fight. â€Å"How can you say that you love me and care about me?† I yelled at my dad. No, I would not believe it! There was no way he could say that to my face! I continued shouting, â€Å"All you ever do is punish me, ground me, and get mad at me!† Instead of the rage and anger I had expected, my dad grasped me in a hug and whispered in my ear, â€Å"You will not understand how much I love you until you have children of your own.† He went on to tell me that he wanted the best for me and that he was trying to discipline me so that I could take care of my own family one day. Read more:  A Book That Changed My Life Essay It was as if my eyes were opened. I realized my dad was trying to help me, and that he did love me and care about me. I understood that to be able to have children, I would need to discipline them like my dad had done with me. To take care of them, I would need money from my job. It was then that I understood that my dad was preparing me for the future, and I will never be able to thank him enough for that. That is why I love my dad so much. I remember when my dad read a paper I wrote in seventh grade. It was about who inspires me the most. He read it and asked why I said he inspired me the most. I answered, â€Å"That day, that one day back in fifth grade, it all clicked in my brain. I love you dad, and you are my inspiration.† All my dad replied with was a smile, and I could tell that meant a lot to him. Whenever someone asks me who inspires me the most, I always answer, â€Å"My dad is who inspires me the most.† Without my dad, my future would have been destroyed by my past actions. My dad has changed my life for the better. Through the pain I felt, through the tears I shed, through the rage I released towards my father, I have realized my dad does love me. He has also shown me how important it will be for me to discipline my own children, and how good grades will help me get a good job so I can take care of my family. My dad and I are closer than ever now, and I can not believe I ever hated him. I guess sometimes it takes difficulties and arguments to really show you how much someone cares about you.

Stress

The stress analysis of a imple suspension system of car is done in this report which not only provides the reader with the stress calculations but also gives an insight of how proper stress analysis of real life problem can be done by using simple engineering formulas and techniques. Only one member of complete assembly is analyzed in ANSYS and the results were really promising. Acknowledgement:- We are thankful to Dr. Khalid Rehman for teaching us so well that we were able to do the stress analysis of a real life problem.Without his teachings nothing in this report could be done. We are thankful for his time and help which he always gave during time of any confusion or problem. 1 . Introduction†¦ 2 2. Problem 33. CAD Model Statement † 34. Manual Solution 7 4. 1. Force Analysis 7 4. 2. Stress Analysis ? 10 4. 3. Failure Analysis 11 4. 4. Deformation Analysis †¦.. 12 5. ANSYS Analysts 13 5. 1. Messing . 13 5. 2. Procedure 15 5. 3. Results 21 6. Conclusion 25 1.Introduc tion:- The deciding step that passes any particular design is its stress analysis which gives the designer an insight that particular design would work or not, whether or not the esign is feasible for fabrication or further improvements are required. Stress analysis of any design not only includes the basic force and stress calculation in members but also the failure, deformation analysis of the complete assembly. Stress analysis can be done manually or by using any CAD tool like ANSYS etc.The results obtained from both solutions should match each other but there is always variation in the results. The variations can be due to ideal approximations in the manual calculations or any other assumed data. The report includes the stress analysis of a imple suspension system of a car; various assumptions are being made which are mentioned in respective sections of the report. The solution was done both manually and by using ANSYS and the results were really promising. The report includes f orce and stress analysis, failure analysis and deformation calculations.The report not only provides the reader with the stress calculations but also gives an insight of how proper stress analysis of real life problem can be done by using simple engineering formulas and techniques. Stress analysis of a simple suspension system of car. 3. CAD model:- The first step of any design is to make its CAD model which in our case is done by using CREO VI . 0. The Cad models are shown as follows: (Fig 3. 1 complete assembly) (Fig 3. 2 complete assembly) The above fgures show the cad model of whole assembly. The individual member models are also shown below: (Fig 3. 4 Hub) (Fig 3. 5 Connecting arm) (Fig 3. 6 spring) (Fig 3. Suspension arm) 5. ANSYS 5. 1. Messing: The details are provided according to ANSYS 13. 0 Mechanical APDL. Mesh size: smart size 1 5. 1. 2. Element type: PLANE182 2-D 4-Node Structural Solid 5. 1. 3. Element Description PLANE182 is used for 2-D modeling of solid structures. The element can be used as either a plane element (plane stress, plane strain or generalized plane strain) or an axisymmetric element. It is defined by four nodes having two degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element has plasticity, hyperelasticity, stress stiffening, large deflection, and large strain capabilities.It also has mixed formulation capability for simulating deformations of nearly incompressible elastoplastic materials, and fully incompressible hyperelastic materials. The geometry and node locations for this element are shown in Figure 182. 1. The element input data includes four nodes and the orthotropic material properties. The default element coordinate system is along global directions. Element loads are described in Node and Element Loads. Pressures may be input as surface loads on the element faces as shown by the circled numbers on Figure 182. 1. Positive pressures act into the element. 5. 1. 4.For triangular element s where the or enhanced strain formulations are pecified, degenerated shape functions and a conventional integration scheme are used. 5. 2. Procedure:- Filter GUI for analysis of structural members (Fig 5. 2. 1) Select element type plane quad 4 nodes 182 (Fig 5. 2. 2) Select Linear, Elastic and Isotropic material type (Fig 5. 2. 3) Input youngs modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio to define material in Ansys (Fig 5. 2. 4) Mesh the area using the finest mesh for accurate results (smart size 1) (Fig 5. 2. 5) Apply Pressure on line and Restrict DOF for some nodes at the center to compensate Stress Stress Stress is the body reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response and this in turn can be linked to other fact Oars in any sporting situation. Some people may become more aggressive and others may find that levels of arousal are increased. ; Excitement or suspense can lead to tension. If this is happens before taking part in the activity it can result in tightness in the muscles which then could have a physical effect. Anxiety can make you feel uneasy and apprehensive both before and during our performance.When you are too anxious you can make mistakes. Some find some level of anxiety necessary to focus and prepare. ; Nervousness can add to your tension levels, making you feel more tense and even agitated to the point where a physical effect can take place e. G being sick or shaking. ; Motivation will almost certainly decrease Nearly everyone who has taken part in a physical activity has experienced some type of stress. Stress is more common when the focus is on one person. Stress