Analysis Of The Wasteland By T. S. Eliot - 2210 Words

Intertextuality in the Wasteland One of the masterpieces of Anglo-American modernism, â€Å"The Wasteland† by T. S. Eliot, was published in a time when European society had just emerged from World War I, a war that had traumatized and destabilized the whole continent and its society making it reconsider much of its beliefs and previous assumptions. A sense of disillusionment and cynicism grew among people who did no more believe in the humanity and order of the world surrounding them. Eliot has succeeded to represent all those feelings in his poem which soon became known as â€Å"the work that best expressed the mood of postwar generation disillusioned by the loss of ideals and faith in progress† (Dupree 7). In the poem, Eliot suggests a path to escape the degrading condition of modern society through a return to previous civilizations and cultures bringing into light their ideals, beliefs and experiences as a model for the restoration and reformation of the lost and fading away European identit y and culture. Delmore Schwartz states that â€Å"Eliot’s theme is the rehabilitation of a system of beliefs, known but not discredited (209). The mosaic picture of different cultures, myths and civilizations produced throughout the poem is the product of a wide-ranging use of intertextuality. The Waste Land is a scene of various literary, historical and cultural encounters, weaving a solid inter-textual fabric. In this essay I attempt to study the instances of intertextuality in T. S.Show MoreRelated Search for Innocence in American Modernism Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Modernists called this hole the wasteland Many Modernist works focus on society lost in the wasteland, but they hint at a way out. The path out of the wasteland is through a return to innocence. This is evident in the Modernist works of The wasteland by T. S. Eliot, Directive by Robert Frost, Babylon Revisited by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway as will be show n in an analysis of the inhabitants of the wasteland and their search for innocence, theRead MoreAnalysis of the Symbolic Journey in Weirs Way Back and Eliots Waste Land963 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of the Symbolic Journey in Weirs Way Back and Eliots Waste Land Aside from the obvious symbols of water and fire, birth and purification, in T. S. Eliots The Waste Land, there is the overall symbol of journey first implied in the opening stanza: Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. Peter Weirs film The Way Back may also be described as a work at the center of which is a symbolic journey. While Weirs film recounts the survival of a group of escapees from the Soviet GulagRead MoreAnalysis Of. Eliot s The Four Quartets And `` The Waste Land ``1784 Words   |  8 PagesI. Introduction to T.S Eliot T.S. Eliot wrote poems that communicated his antagonistic perspectives of life, mankind, and his general surroundings by exemplifying and escalating particular angles and analogies in his written work. T.S. Eliot was born in 1888 and lived during early 1900 s and was a part of Modernist Period. He lived throughout two world wars and struggled with poverty and oppression which impacted his writings. Eliot wrote The Four Quartets and The Waste Land which are importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1386 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of T.S Eliot† In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† the reader can clearly understand that T.S Eliot is straightforward as one can get within a poem. In the beginning of the poem, one can infer that Prufrock is being used as a facade to convey Eliot’s inner self who is an introvert that doesn’t quite fit in with the modern day society. â€Å"Prufrock† sees his personal life as a burden that he cannot mend while he tries to conform into the middle class society that everyone views asRead MoreAnalysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock J. Alfred Prufrock constantly lived in fear, in fear of life and death. T. S. Eliot divided his classic poem into three equally important sections. Each division provided the reader with insight into the mental structure of J. Alfred Prufrock. In actuality, Prufrock maintained a good heart and a worthy instinct, but he never seemed to truly exist. A false shadow hung over his existence. Prufrock never allowed himself to actually live. He hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Cousin Nancy And Morning At The Window Poem Analysis And Exploration1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Cousin Nancy† and â€Å"Morning at the Window† Poem Analysis and Exploration Cousin Nancy By T. S. Eliot Miss Nancy Ellicott Strode across the hills and broke them, Rode across the hills and broke them — The barren New England hills — Riding to hounds Over the cow-pasture. Miss Nancy Ellicott smoked And danced all the modern dances; And her aunts were not quite sure how they felt about it, But they knew that it was modern. Upon the glazen shelves kept watch MatthewRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical context of a particular poem Poem: T. S. Eliot, ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The context of any given text whether poetry, novels or a movie is always integral to its understanding. Social and historical context of not only the given text, but the writer’s context and reader’s context play an important role in the interpretation and understanding of the major ideas, issues, values and beliefs within the text. T.S (Thomas Stearns) Eliot was one of the twentieth century’s major poetsRead MoreAnalysis of The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot1571 Words   |  7 Pageszero [and the signifier] can take on any value required †, meaning that the images Eliot uses do not have one fixed signification and consequently conjure up thought-provoking ideas that need to be studied (qtd. in Derrida 10). One idea critics agree on is, as Paul Muldoon notes in his introduction to â€Å"The Waste Land† that â€Å"[i]t’s almost impossible to think of a world in which The Waste Land did not exist† (Eliot 2013, pg.5 ), further he proceeds tha t the poem has been written in an â€Å"oppressive climate†Read More Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker Essay examples2350 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early poetry of T. S. Eliot, poems such as The Wasteland or The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is filled his despair of the human condition. Man is a weak soul, easily tempted and filled with lusts, who has no hope of redemption. These views of man did not change when Eliot converted to Catholicism. Eliot still maintained mans desperate plight, but supplemented that belief with the notion that man has someRead MoreEssay on Eco-Poetics Reading in The Wate Land by T.S. Eliot3164 Words   |  13 PagesWhat is an eco-poetics reading of T. S. Eliot’s, ‘The Waste Land’? In this discussion of Eliot’s poem I will examine the content through the optic of eco-poetics. Eco- poetics is a literary theory which favours the rhizomatic over the arborescent approach to critical analysis. The characteristics of the rhizome will provide the overarching structure for this essay. Firstly rhizomes can map in any direction from any starting point. This will guide the study of significant motifs in ‘The Waste Land

Essay on Deceptive Females of Homers Odyssey - 1613 Words

The Deceptive Females of Homers Odyssey Homers Odyssey is probably the most famous and well-known epic of all time. This tale relates the adventures of the archetypal hero, Odysseus. Odysseus long journey home takes him to many different places where he encounters many different monsters and creatures, but there are certain recurrent elements throughout. The most common themes in the Odyssey are forgetfulness, willingness to risk pain for pleasure, and sexual temptation. When comparing the Sirens episode with Odysseus other adventures, one can observe an emergence and repetition of these themes. The most obvious comparison that can be drawn between the Sirens episode and most other adventures is the theme of†¦show more content†¦Those who ate the fruit had to be bound to the ship, like Odysseus must be tied to the mast in order to bypass the Sirens. took these men back weeping, by force...put them aboard...tied them there fast (9.98-99) There are not only thematic similarities but also plot repetitions between the Sirens and Lotus-eaters episodes. Yet, one main difference is evident. Here Odysseus does not receive advice from anyone, rather he passes the challenge through wit and luck. Though Odysseus managed to avoid being tied into the web of the Sirens and the Lotus-eaters, he loses much time with both Calypso and Circe. Circe also draws men in with her songs, but it is her herbs, not the voice, that causes forgetfulness and turns them into beasts. Singing with a sweet voice...into the mixture malignant drugs, to make them forgetful of their own country. (10.221, 235-236) Once again it is advice, this time from Hermes, that allows Odysseus to save his men. I will tell you all the malevolent guiles of Circe (10.289) The recurrence of helpful stranger, like Circe with the Sirens, is a common plot theme throughout Odyssey. Though he manages to avoid becoming swine, still he succumbs to Circes charms and resides on the island for a year. It is only the reminders of his men that bring to his mind the homecoming. It is time to think about our own country. (10.472) Circe is the only one who managesShow MoreRelated The Cunning and Deceitful Women of Homer’s Odyssey Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesDeceitful Women of Homer’s Odyssey One of the most famous works from the early Greek era is Homer’s Odyssey. It details the journey home of a war hero, Odysseus. His homecoming entails many adventures, each presented as a separate episode that he must overcome. Though the varied episodes differ in terms of characters and settings, most are based on similar patterns of plot and theme. The themes that are most emphasized are forgetfulness, a willingness to risk pain for pleasure, and female temptation.Read MoreEssay Homers Women: Empowerment from an Unlikely Feminist1959 Words   |  8 Pagesepics the Iliad and the Odyssey. However, Greece is known to have been no different from other societies of its time in regards to women. While works such as the Odyssey by Homer create powerful Greek women figures, they do not reflect the typical views or treatment of women during the time period they were written. Homer was very much the feminist of his time, diverging from the conventional views of women with his story. W omen in his story are at times cunning and deceptive with men, shattering theRead More The Women from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Women from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently, the role of women in literature has seemed to reflect the way they were treated in society. Women were seen as secondary to men, and their sole purpose in life was to please a man’s every desire. This is not the case in three specific literary works. The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight use the actions of its women characters to greatly enhance important thematic elements. The womenRead MoreAppropriation Of A Key Text From The Past1364 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion and its appropriation, the movie Pretty Woman directed by Garry Marshall both explore the social values of class, namely the construction of the class system and class divisions, individual independence of the female heroine in a patriarchal society and the significance of appearance and identity on the perception of one’s character. Both texts convey these values relative to their respective contexts of Vict orian England and modern day American society throughRead MoreOdyssey and Odysseus Outstanding Qualities2184 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Odyssey Review/Essay Questions 1.What aspects of social and political life in Homeric times are reflected in the â€Å"Odyssey†? =The aspects in the social and political life in Homeric times that are reflected in the Odyssey are the leadership and hierarchy. These are depicted by kings, warriors and peasants who sometimes live un-heroic simple life.Other than that it shows the culture of the Greeks wherein if you will court a lady,you should bring gifts. 2.What is the purpose of the many allusionRead MoreOdyssey Historical Background6500 Words   |  26 PagesThe Odyssey ~ Background Information * The novel covers a 10 year period. * The novel was written approximately in 720 B.C. * The novel takes place in 1230 B.C. ~ during the Bronze age. * The Iliad (written first) and The Odyssey are based on historical events that took place about 1230 B.C. * Both novels are considered epic poems * The Odyssey is defined as a journey. This is the story of Odysseus’ journey back home after the Trojan War. From The Odyssey, Homer chose theRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 PagesThe Odyssey Set in ancient Greece, The Odyssey is about the hero Odysseus long-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flung

The Black Plague New York The Free Pass 1983 - 1290 Words

The Black Plague BY: Kevin Arellano World History,Per.7,Mrs.Sutherland April 24,2015 Works Cited 1.)Robert S. Gottfried. The Black Plague. New York :The Free Pass 1983 2.)The Black Death. AE .Television Networks.1979 3.)Don Nardo. The Black Death.Minneapoles.2011 4.)Sheri Johnson.The Medieval Plague.Minnesota 5.)Stephen Person. Bubonic Plague, The Black Plague. New York Introduction/Origin Do you know what The Black Plague was, it was a horrible disease that people back in the middle ages didn’t know where it came from how to fight off against it and how it spread. People back then didn’t know where it came from but scientists now think they know. Scientists think that Black Rats and fleas caused the black plague that the fleas carried it and gave it to the rats then the rats passed it along then the rats died and the fleas moved to a new host they moved to humans and spread it even further.(AE, The Black Death)The rats that infected the humans lived in a city called Kaffa and then went on ships with people and moved to other places like Italy, Constantinople and England. When the rats died the fleas went to humans and the rat’s dead bodies would give an animal and or human the virus without the flea having to bite anyone. (Stephen Person pg.4)The fleas probably feed on the rats blood and gave the rat the infection the rat then died and the fleas moved on to a new rat when there were no more living rats they probably went on to humansShow MoreRelated The Plague - The Black Death Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death The Black Death is known as the worst natural disaster in European history. The plague spread throughout Europe from 1346-1352. Those who survived lived in constant fear of the plagues return and it did not disappear until the 1600s. Not only were the effects devastating at the time of infection, but during the aftermath as well. The Black Death of the fourteenth century dramatically altered Europes social and economic structure. The plague was spread by fleasRead MoreHistory of Medicine1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthat era was strongly influenced by superstition and the doctrine of the Christian church, and did not have much foundation for practical application. The need for medicine in Middle Ages was certainly great, considering the extreme amounts of plague and disease prevalent during that time (Grigsby 2). Unfortunately, medical knowledge of that day was of very little help (Margotta 68). Physicians had no concept of disease causing bacteria or viruses. Unfortunately, it was thought in that day thatRead MorePredator - Prey Relationships4420 Words   |  18 Pagesescapes being a victim of parasitism(Brum 1989). Parasitism is similar to preditation in the sense that the parasite derives nourishment from the host on which it feeds and the predator derives nourishment from the prey on which it feeds(Nitecki 1983). Parasitism is different from most normal predator prey situations because many different parasites can feed off of just one host but very few predators can feed on the same prey(1973). In parasite-host relationships most commonly the parasite isRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagesarticle, I assert that the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communications medium: newspapers, radio and television, and now the Internet. Although scientists are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer questions about media use, we must also be prepared to expand our currentRead More8 stages of social development6628 Words   |  27 Pagesdriving social change is increasing awareness leading to better organization. Life evolves by consciousness and consciousness in turn progresses by organization. When society senses new and better opportunities for progress it accordingly develops new forms of organization to exploit these new openings successfully. The new forms of organization are better able to harness the available social energies and skills and resources to use the opportunities to get the intended results. Development is governedRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesas de facto political power, which itself has two sources. First, it depends on the ability of the group in question to solve its collective action problem, i.e., to ensure that people act together, even when any individual may have an incentive to free ride. For example, peasants in the Middle Ages, who were given no political power by the constitution, could sometimes solve the collective action problem and undertake a revolt against the authorities. Second, the de facto power of a group dependsRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pageschallenge. It held a lot of mystery for European  ­ xplorers, who traveled and e observed and recorded what they saw. Many of the early explorers of Africa were geographers and scientists who were beckoned by the mysteries and exotic qualities of this new land. Expeditions of people like Samuel Baker, Joseph Thompson, Richard Burton, John Speke, and others in the  ­nineteenth century, conducted in the name of science and knowledge, served to attract  Europeans to Africa. They â€Å"discovered† rivers, lakesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages, The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other UnnaturalRead MoreComplete Project on Nike16139 Words   |  65 Pagescourt or mountain bike single track. Nike knows that in athletic competition, even small advantages are critical to performance. Nike has spent the last eight years exploring the human eye to understand the science of vision in the development of the new Nike MaxSight Sport-Tint Contact Lens, available August 2005. WHAT IT IS Nike MaxSight, developed in partnership with Bausch Lomb, is a tinted soft contact lens that behaves like sunglasses, reducing glare and filtering out 95% of UVA and UVB andRead MoreDhjsj14297 Words   |  58 Pagesleast four SOX promulgations that affect audit committees. While most of these new rules might seem reasonable at first blush – such as setting up procedures to investigate employee complaints -- it is important to keep in mind that they are not costless, and that one cost can be significant unintended negative consequences. Therefore, we encourage research that addresses the expected or realized efficacy of these new rules. 5. There are many issues of audit quality that are not directly addressed

Orientalism and the Exhibitionary Order free essay sample

It is no longer unusual to suggeste that the construction of the colonial order is related to the eloboration of modern forms of representation and knowledge ( This has been examined by critique of Orientalism Best known analysis on Orientalism: Edward Said Orientalist world is defined by: 1. It is understood as the product of unchanging racial / cultural essences/ characteristics 2. These characteristics are always the opposite of the West (passive/ active, static/ mobile, emotional/ rational, chaotic/ ordered) 3. Oriental ismarked by fundamental absences (of movement, reason, order, meaning) ( In terms of these characteristics the colonial world can be mastered 19th century image of the Orient was constructed in Oriental studies, romantic novels, colonial administrations and world exhibitions 1889: Exposition Universelle in Paris ( To demonstrate French commercial and imperial power The new apparatus of representation (world exhibiotions) gave a central place to representation of the non-Western world ( This construction of ‘the other’ was important to manufacture national indentity and imperial purpose What Mitchell speaks about in first half of article: Examines the distinctiveness of the modern representational order exemplified by the world exhibition ( What Arab writers found in the West was the world itself being ordered up as an endless exhibition. We will write a custom essay sample on Orientalism and the Exhibitionary Order or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This world-as-exhibiotion was a place where the artificial, the model and the plan were employed tot generate an unprecedented effect of order and certainty What Mitchell speaks about in second half of article: Examines the connection between the world-as-exhibition and Orientalism through reading of European travel accounts of 19th century Middle-East La rue du Caire Four members of the Egyptian delegation went to the world exhibition in Paris and were disgusted by what they saw when they entered the street that was supposed to represent an medieval street in Cairo This delegation then traveled to Stockholm to attend the Congress of Orientalists where they themselves were looked at as pieces of an exhibition An Object World Middle Eastern visitors found Europeans a curious people with an uncontainable eagerness to stand and stare ( This European curiosity is encountered in almost every Middle Eastern account ( Individuals were being surrounded and stared at like an object on exhibit This curious attitude was connected with a corresponding objectness: The curiosity of the observing subject was something demanded by a diversity of mechanisms for rendering things up as its object, beginning with the Middle Eatern visitor himself Le spectacle: Places in which they represent for the person the view of a town or country or something like that ( Goal: To set the world up as a picture, an object on display to be investigated and experienced by the European gaze Paris Exhibition 1889: For the education of people, natives and artifacts were arranged to provide the direct experience of a colonized object-world ( Arabic accounts of the West became accounts of these object-worlds The World-as-Exhibition The effect of objectness: Not just a matter of visual arrangement around a pectator, but of representation ( The carefull organization enabled them to evoke some larger meaning and reduce the world to a sytem of objects ( The arrangement of things was supposed to stand for something larger (empire/ history/ progress) The Europe one reads about in Arabic accounts was a place of spectacle and visual arrangement, of the organization of everything and everything organized to represent a larger meaning ( Organization of the view The world-as-exhibition: Means not an exhibition of the world, but the world organized and grasped as though it were an exhibition The Certainty of Representation Political certainty of the imperial age: Endless spectacles of the world-as-exhibition were not just reflections of this certainty, but the means of its production, by their technique of rendering imperial truth and cultural difference in ‘objective’ form 3 Aspects of this certainty illustrated from accounts of the world exhibition: 1. The apparent realism of the representation: The model always seemed to stand in perfect correspondence to the external world 2. The model always remained distinguishable from the reality it claimed to represent: Model was always a copy of the original 3. Distinction between the system of exhibits or representations and the exterior meaning they portrayed was imitated by distinguishing between the exhibits themselves and the plan of the exhibition: The visitor would also, besides the objects, encounter catalogs, plans, sign posts, programs, guidebooks, etc. Paradox: It was not always easy to tell where the exhibition ended and the world itself began ( World outside the exhibition began more and more to look like an extension of the exhibition The Labyrinth without Exits Uncertainty of what seemed the clear distinction between the simulated and the real: No clear line between the artificial and the real ( Example: The Egyptian street in the exhibition seemed very real, but it was also commercialised (paying for donkey rides, cafe in the mosque, dancing girls) Exhibitions came to resemble the commercial machinery of the rest of the city Warehouses/ Shopping malls: Products were ordered behind glass, precisely positioned The Effect of the Real This world of representation causes us to lose touch with reality Exhibition does not cut us off from reality, but persuades us that the world is divided into two ralms, the exhibition and the real world, thereby creating the effect of a reality from which we now feel cut off Artificiality of the world gives rise to a lost reality World exhibitions and commercial life of European cities were aspects of a political and economic transformation that was not limited to Europe itself ( Advertising and new European industry of ‘fashion’ cause boom in textile industry ( Egypt: Production of raw cotton for European countries causes an enormous change in infrastructure and communication in this land. It was completely transformed to serve the production of a single commodity The age of exhibition was the colonial age: The age of world economy and global power in which we live, since what was to be made available as exhibit was reality, the world itself The East Itself If Europe was becoming the world-as-exhibition, what happened to Europeans who went abroad to visit places whose images they had already encountered in books, spectacles and exhibitions? Flaubert: Described Cairo itself as a chaos of color and detail that refuses to compose itself as a picture ( He tried to grasp the real thing as a picture By trying to make sense of things, visitors would stand back and take pictures or make drawings ( Finding a good viewpoint to overlook and capture things becomes important To see without being seen: To represent something as Oriental, or to establish the objectness of the Orient, one sought to excise the European presence altogether Participant Observation Desire for the immediacy of the real became a desire for direct and physical contact with the exotic, bizarre and erotic Contradiction: On one hand, men wanted to separate oneself from the world and render it up as an object of representation and on the other hand there was the desire to lose oneself within this object-world and experience it directly ( World exhibitions: Built to accommodate and overcome this contradiction with their profusion of exotic detail and yet their clear distinction between visitor and exhibit

Fukuyama’s Liberalism Versus State-Building an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Fukuyama’s Liberalism Versus State-Building Francis Fukuyama considers war and violence as an unavoidable, inevitable and essential part in the process of state-building. Essentially, Fukuyama agrees with Thomas Carothers in contending against Western governments-sponsored sequencing of development efforts in developing countries. Fukuyama is skeptical in the way that the United States and other Western governments support liberal autocrats. First, they establish order, pursue a policy of economic development and then establish democracy. The author is right in questioning the level of influence of these Western countries over the autocrats in the developing countries. He even looked at several examples in history where authoritarian regimes gradually transitioned to a more democratic system without following the sequence of events described by Huntington and by Zakaria. Need essay sample on "Fukuyamas Liberalism Versus State-Building" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the more interesting aspects of Fukuyamas article, however, is his view of war and violence as they relate to state building. He also looked at several examples in history to illustrate his contention. The history of the Civil War of the United States where violence became the inevitable means of solving the conflict of the North and South over the issue of slavery. He contends that without violence and war, the outcome of the Civil War would have been different, accommodations and compromises could have been instituted and thus, the United States would have been a weaker state and would not have been able to save Europe from devastation in World War II. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists:Who wants to write assignment for me?Professional writers recommend: Find Your Helping Hand!Cheap Custom Essays Write My Essay For Cheap How to do an Assignment Cheap Essay Writing In his conclusion, Fukuyama describes the present situation of international politics where war and violence are usually nipped at the bud, instead of allowing them to go through their full course. Such policy, he says, is good. But such policy does not always yield the best results. Fukuyama appears to support another kind of sequence in the development of state in developing countries. In this sequence, Fukuyama argues that war and violence are important components of the process. If such violence is prevented, they will resurface again and again. Such approach, however, violates humanitarian concerns. Why should innocent civilians and minorities in a given country be subjected to the brutal process of ethnic cleansing in the name of state-building? The process that Fukuyama supports is very Machiavellian. Furthermore, the author does not seem to believe that it is possible for various ethnicities and ideological leanings to co-exist under one flag. Conflicts must be resolved within the developing states. Certainly, there are various political processes that different sectors in such societies use to resolve conflicts and differences. Violence is always a last resort-something, which the civilized peoples of the world would rather not go through given a choice. Besides, who can guarantee that war and violence would accomplish the establishment of strong states? Fukuyamas assertions, however, are backed with lessons from history. We have yet to find a good example of strong state that did not develop from a bloody past. Still, going through war and violence is not something that people, in any state, would willingly go through. Just ask the victims of ethnic cleansing in Cambodia and Bosnia among other parts of the world. Reference: Francis Fukuyama 'The end of history and the last man. Francis Fukuyama.' New York : Perennial, 1992.

Marketing Mix;Product,Place,Promotion,Price

Marketing Mix;Product,Place,Promotion,Price Free Online Research Papers A marketing mix defines the marketing strategy a business plans to use in order to sell their products or services to consumers. The marketing mix is a combination of the four P’s of marketing, known as the product, place, promotion and price. By reducing the elements of the marketing mix into these four categories, management can manage the marketing plan more efficiently and develop an effective marketing strategy. No one element of the marketing mix is more important than any other element. The objective of a business’s marketing strategy is to develop a successful marketing mix using an optimal combination of the four P’s. Product The first P, product, in the marketing mix involves determining the products or services to offer for sale. â€Å"The product area is concerned with developing the right â€Å"product† for the target market† (Perreault McCarthy, 2004, p. 38). The product refers to tangible products and intangible services. Marketing research is vital in developing the marketing mix and continues throughout the marketing process. Research allows the business to discover what products or services the consumer wants, needs or desires. â€Å"If you dont understand what the market needs first, you cant possibly put the Ps to work effectively† (Scott, 2004,  ¶2). The product category includes developing the physical good, the service or a combination of the two, which consumers want, need or desire. Developing the product can include making decisions regarding the features, accessories, quality, and benefits offered with the product. Other areas related to making decisions about the product or service includes installation, instructions and the warranty, if any, to provide with the product. Additional decisions regarding the product include creating a product line, designing the packaging and branding. Above all consumers must perceive a benefit in purchasing the product or service. Once a business has determined the products, services or combination of products and services to offer consumers, the next P of the marketing mix (the place) is determined. How will the business deliver the product to the consumer? Place Making decisions regarding the second P, the place, of the marketing mix involves more than simply determining the actual place the consumer can purchase the product or service. Of course, the means of distributing the products or services to the consumer requires research to determine the most advantageous place to sell the product or provide the service and is an important decision in the marketing mix. Business must decide whether to use inclusive, selective or exclusive distribution channels to deliver the product to consumers and manage those channels to the advantage of the business. However, businesses also must determine the methods of storing, transporting and handling the product. â€Å"The product must be available in the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity, while keeping storage, inventory and distribution costs to an acceptable level† (The Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2009, p.5). Determining the desired amount of market exposure will help determine the distribution channel that is most appropriate for the product or service. The place also includes deciding the service levels associated with the product. If the business uses exclusive distribution channels, the service provided for the product may be offered at the place the product was purchased. However, if the business uses inclusive distribution channels, the service provided may be limited to a single centralized location. After determining the place category the decisions of how to inform the public of the product or service’s availability is the next step. Promotion The third P, promotion, involves educating the public, or more specifically the target market, and others of the availability and benefits of the product or service the business is offering for sale. Whether the business is introducing the product or service for the first time or reminding the consumer of the product or service’s availability a promotion campaign is an essential tool to the success of the marketing strategy. Promotion of a product or service includes advertising, sale promotions, a sales force, and publicity. Determining whether to advertise on television, radio, the internet, in print or a combination of some or all, is important to ensure the desired market segment is aware of the product or service. Notifying the target market of the availability of the product or service in order to make sales is the primary goal of promoting the product. The promotion category can incorporate sales promotions such as discounts, coupons or contest to entice consumers to tr y the product or service. Another aspect of promotion involves the sales force. The sales force may or may not be employees of the business, however, they represent the product or service to the consumer. Lastly, publicity, which is any form of unpaid advertising, is important in order to help shape the public’s opinion of the product or service offered and the business. â€Å"Promotion must gain attention, be appealing, tell a consistent message and above all else give the customer a reason to choose your product rather than someone else’s† (The Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2009, p. 5).The promotion educates the target market on the value of the product or service and helps determine the price the business will charge. Price Determining the price consumers are willing to pay and the price a business must charge in order to cover fixed and variable costs for production of the product or providing the service is the final P of the marketing mix. The first three P’s (product, place and promotion) contribute fixed and variable costs to the price of the product. Determining the price to charge for a product or service requires research to answer the following questions. 1. How much is the consumer willing to pay for the product or service offered? 2. What is the competition charging for the same or similar product or service? 3. Does the business need to consider including an intermediary markup in the price? 4. What are the fixed and variable costs associated with the product or service? 5. How much profit does the business require in order to continue offering the product or service? 6. Should the business use a pricing strategy such as penetration pricing, skimming, loss leaders, competitive pricing or psychological pricing, or consider other pricing strategies? While the list of questions above is not all-inclusive, it will provide a sound starting point for determining the price of the product or service. The price communicates to the consumer the value the business places on the product or service. A price set too low may communicate the product is of poor quality or the service is substandard. A price set too high may communicate the business is trying to gouge consumers by charging too much for the product or service that can be obtained at a lower price from a competitor. Every business, whether offering a product or service, stands to improve on their success by researching, planning, monitoring and adjusting their marketing mix. Applying the Marketing Mix Businesses of every type use the marketing mix to promote and profit from their product or service while bringing value to the consumer. For example, the rental housing industry provides consumers with a place to live in exchange for rental payments. The product is an apartment or other type of housing. In order to be competitive, management of available rental properties have the unit (product) cleaned, freshly painted and ensure items are in working order before presenting their product to the consumer. The location (place) of the rental property helps determine the number of potential consumers and the amount consumers are willing to pay. An apartment community located in an undesirable neighborhood will not be able to demand rental rates equal to those communities located in areas that are more desirable. Promoting the availability of rental property can include print advertising in newspapers, the internet or magazines designed specifically to inform renters of the various apart ment communities of a specific area. Along with print advertising, promotional campaigns often include rent specials or discounts. The price an apartment community charges is dependent on the current rental market. Market surveys provide management with the going rental rates of comparable apartment communities and any discounts offered. These market surveys are used to determine the rental rates the apartment community will charge consumers. While this is an abbreviated explanation of the four Ps in action, the basic concept is the same for every type of business. Product, place, promotion and price are essential elements in the exchange of value between the consumer and the business receiving something of value to replace the product. Conclusion Ensuring the marketing mix is made up of an optimal level of the four Ps will assist in the success of the business. One important factor in combining the four Ps is to ensure they are sending the same message. You do not want to promote an exclusive, expensive product such as a Ferrari or a Rolex to a below median income market segment. â€Å"For instance, make sure that if you have a practice that caters to a niche market that your product is geared towards the need of that market, your price is within the budget of that market, you are distributing your product or service where it will be seen by that market, and gear your promotion to solve the problems that they are encountering† (Lake, 2009,  ¶8). The product, place, promotion and price combine to bring something of value to the consumer in exchange for something of value to the business. References: Lake, L. (2009). Developing your marketing mix. Retrieved September 4, 2009 from http://marketing.about.com/od/marketingplanandstrategy/a/marketingmix.htm Perreault, Jr., W. D., McCarthy, E. J. (2005). Basic marketing. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Scott, D. M. (2004). Buying sellingbut what about marketing?. EContent, 27(4), 48. Retrieved September 5, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database. The Chartered Institute of Marketing. (2009). Marketing and the 7 Ps. Retrieved September 4, 2009, from cim.co.uk/resources/understandingmarket/definitionmkting.aspx Research Papers on Marketing Mix;Product,Place,Promotion,PriceMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part One

Confession of faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Confession of faith - Essay Example He wanted to leave his estate behind so to be used to build a â€Å"secret society†. He wanted the best for his race, the Anglo-Saxon race. He wanted them to spread and multiply in other countries. He wished for the British to conquer the world so that the Anglo-Saxon race could occupy that space. He also wanted his estates used to educate the future leaders of the Great Britain. During this period, the British Empire had just lost America. America was no longer under the British rule. Moreover, the Russian-Turkish war had just ended. Africa had not come under colonization. According to Rhodes, Africa was lying there just waiting for the British to colonize them. This source connects me to the time the British Empire lost America. I already knew about the British colonizing other countries. According to Rhodes, the British could have been able to stop the Russian-Turkish war if only America was still under their rule. To make sense of this information, I would need to know why Rhodes was obsessed with expanding the Anglo-Saxon race and why he sounded so bitter with so many regrets to an extend of leaving his estates for the establishment of a â€Å"secret society†. The source states that he wanted to make his country better, but still, this does not make sense. Communication: How does this source make its argument? (Give an example, perform a close reading) Point of view: What does this source say when ‘reading between the lines’? In what ways is the source reliable? Where is there room for doubt or speculation? This source makes its argument by blaming something or someone for everything that Britain was not able to achieve. For example, the source says that the reason why the British were unable to stop the Russian-Turkish war was that they had lost America. The source shows the desire for Britain to become the super power at that time and to conquer and rule all nations. The source is credible since Cecil Rhodes is a man known